The Future Continuous : المستقبل المستمر
at + time + future / tonight at 5 pm. / Will – still / in an hour
( in …. time / In 2 days / the exact time later / This time tomorrow
Subject + will (won't) be + V-ing
1. This time next year (In two days), They ----------------------------------------------- for the final exam. (prepare)
2. It's a very long course, so I -------------------------------- -------------- in seven years' time . ( still study )
3. Will it still ------------------------------------ this evening ? (rain)
4. I can't call my dad right now. He'll ---------------------------------------- the plane. It takes off in an hour. ( board)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. The Future Perfect : ( next month , …….. for ) Let's celebrate
1. ( Subject + will have + V-3 ) - for + time Key words
-by + future / by the time + v1 / by.. tomorrow,
-by next …/ by then / by three years from now /
-by the end of this year / before long )
- (This time tomorrow / next ....... for + time )
2. ( Subject + won't have + V-3 )
3. By + time (future) = By 2020 , will have + V3
4. By the time + V1 , will have + V3
5. By the time + V2 , had + V3 / had been + V-ing . (be,v)
1. By 2029 CE, the new motorway ---------------------------------------------------------------- . (open)
2. Next month, our family --------------------------- in this house for a year. (have, live) 2019, 2017 3. This time next month, my parents ---------------------- married for twenty years. ( be ) 4. This time tomorrow, we'll be celebrating because we ---------------------- our exams. ( finish ) 5. Will you ---------------------------- your homework by seven o'clock ? ( do ) 2016 6. In thirty years' time , scientists ------------------ a cure for cancer. ( found - find - will have found – were finding ) 2018
7. By the time we get to the station, the train ------------------------------------------------------. (not, go)
8. By the time we got to the station, the train ------------------------------------------------------. (not, go)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
13.
1. It isn't necessary to : You don't have to : ( necessary to = have to )
2. are not allowed to : mustn't (allowed to = could )
3. I think you should + V If I were you , I would + V-inf.
4. V1 ------ + to make ------ + V1 If + V1 ---------- , ---------- V-s
1. It isn't necessary to switch off the screen . You ------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.You are not allowed to touch this machine . You ------------------------------------------------------------------.
3. I think you should check the spelling of the new learnt words in the dictionary. If I ------------------------------------- 2017
4. I think I should see a doctor. If I ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 , 2019 5. Press the button to make the picture move . If you -----------------------------------------------------------------
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
14. Used to :
1. ( Subject + used to + V-inf. ) - affirmative Key words
- when I was young – a student – a child – 12 years old
- when I was your age - when you were younger - --, but now – these days – but we stopped – but it closed
2. ( Subject + didn't use to + V-inf. ) - negative
3. ( Did + Subject + use to + V-inf. …. ? ) - interrogative
4. S + used to + V-inf. = past habit = past state
5. It was a past habit for Ali to do…. = Ali used to do …..
1. She ------------------------------------- a teacher, but now she's retired. ( use to, be)
2. My mother ------------------------------ my clothes, but now she does. ( not, use to, buy)
3.When I was young, I ----------- on foot to my school . ( are used to going – used to go – use to go – am used to going ) 2018
4. Rashid ------------- swimming every morning , but now he doesn't. ( are used to going – used to go – use to go – am used to going ) 2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
15. Be + used to + V- ing :
1. S + ( am , is , are , was , were) + used to + V-ing / noun / pron. ) Key words
- always – usually - often
- has / have + V3
2. S + ( am , is , are , was , were - not) + used to + V-ing / noun / pron. )
3. Be (am – is – are ) + used to = ( normal – familiar – customary – ordinary - habitual )
4. It is normal for Ali to do…. = Ali is used to doing …..
5. It isn't normal for Ali to do…. = Ali isn't used to doing …..
1. We've lived in the city along time , so we------------------------------------------------- the traffic. ( use to )
2. We needed warm clothes when we went to London. We ------------------------------- the cold weather. ( not, use to )
3. My mother is used to buy my clothes , but now I choose my own . ------------------------------------------------------ 4. Most Jordanians used to the hot weather where we have in summer . ------------------------------------------------- 5. It is normal for me now to get up early to study.
I am --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. It's not normal for my younger brother to use his electronic dictionary .
My younger brother ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2018
7. It is normal for my children now to eat fresh vegetables .
My children ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
16. Causative Verbs – ( Subject + has / have / had + object + V افعال السببیة ( 3
- I asked someone to fix my computer . I -------------------------------------------------------------------- (had)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
17. Speculation : التخمین
1. must , can't + V تاكید في المضارع 1 sure, certain , It's true , I know , certainly , definitely
2. must , can't + have + V تاكید في الماضي 3
not sure , not certain , I don't know , I think , I believe
possible , probable , may be , perhaps
3. might + V احتمال في المضارع 1
4. might have + V احتمال في الماضي 3
1. Perhaps Issa's phone is broken . Issa's phone ----------------------------------------------------------------.( might )
2. I am sure English is easy. English ----------------------------------------------------------------------.
3. I am sure Geography isn't difficult. Geography -------------------------------------------------------------------.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
18. Verbs + to + inf. / Verbs +V-ing
Verbs followed by ( to + inf.) ( want - plan - hope - afford – intend – used - need – offer – expect )
Verbs followed by ( V + ing ) ( stop - enjoy - avoid - mind ) + V-ing
1. I want to get a new apartment but I can't afford -------------------- money at the moment. ( borrow) 2017
2. My friend stopped ---------------------------------- when the teacher came. ( talk )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. Reported Speech :
V1 V2 don't , doesn't didn't ( didn't – hadn't + v3 )
V2 had + V3 may / might Might
had + V3 had + V3 must , have to , has to had to
will / would would ought to ought to
shall / should should (is , am – was) / ( are – were ) ( has , have – had ) / ( had – had had)
can / could could (was – were - had been ) ( need – would need )
myself I me my
himself he him his
herself she her her
ourselves we us our
themselves They them their
yourself - yourselves You + V V + you your
today that day here there
tonight that night this that
at the moment at that moment next the following
yesterday the day before – the previous day these those
ago before since / last week the week before – previous week
tomorrow the day after – the following day now Then – at that time
1. " Some parents take their children to the city park weekly."
Mr, Asmar said ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . 2018
2. " Schools provide children with basic education."
Safwan said --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . 2018
3. " I'll meet you here tomorrow." ( My parents have passwords to monitor …….. )
She told me ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 2019
20. Passive Voice :
Active Passive
S + V1 + O O + ( am – is – are ) + V3 + by + S
S + V2 + O O + ( was / were ) + V3 + by + S
S + ( will , shall, must , has to , …. ) + V . inf. + O O + ( will / shall , … ) + be + V3 + by + S
would , can , could , may , used to , have to , has to ……
S + ( am-is-are ) + V. ing + O O + ( am-is-are ) + being + V3 + by + S
S + ( was / were ) + V. ing + O O + ( was / were ) + being + V3 + by + S
S + will + have + V3 + O O + will + have + been + V3 + by + S
S + ( has-have-had ) + V3 + O O + ( has-have-had ) + been + V3 + by + S
- don't – doesn't --------- am not , isn't , aren't - am , is , are + always , usually , often + V3
- didn't ------------------- wasn't , weren't
1. Somebody has found my laptop . My -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. My parents have saved enough money to fund our university courses. Enough money ------------------------------ 3. Safwan usually discharges my laptop. My laptop ------------------------------------------------------------------------
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
عند تصحیح الفعل بین الاقواس اذا وجدت الكلمات التالیة یحول الفعل حسب الجدول الایمن Passive
every , each , always , usually , often ( am – is – are ) + V3
yesterday , last week , year , month , in 1960 , in the past , when ( was - were ) + V3
tomorrow , next week , in two months ( will + be ) + V3
now , at the moment , at present ( am - is - are ) + being + V3
while ( was - were ) + being + V3
By 2030 , by next , by the end of the year .. ( will + have + been + V3
just / so far / ,so / already / recently / lately / today ( has - have ) + been + V3
1. An introductory grammar of Jordanian sign language ---------------------------- in 2004CE. ( do )
2. Now, about one billion smartphones -------------------- around the world each year. ( sell ) 2017 3. Ibn Rushd who ---------------------------- in Cordoba is a famous Islamic polymath. ( born ) 2017
4. The ruins ------------------------------ by thousands of tourists every year . ( view ) 2018
5. Last night, many students ------------------- in the English club. ( was elected - were elected - are elected ) 2018
6. I am afraid that my laptop ------------------- by somebody else yesterday. ( was used - are used - will use ) 2019
7. In 2010, the first tablet computer ----------------------------------------- . ( produce )
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 21. Conditional Sentences
If Clause Main Clause
Subject + simple present ( a fact ) ( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are ( he , she , it + V-s / es )
(not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't ( I , we , you , they + V1 )
If + S + Simple Present
( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are / (not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't
If Clause Main Clause
Subject + will / won't ( modals ) + infinitive
'll / will not
If + S + Simple Present
( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are / (not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't
If Clause Main Clause
Subject + would ( wouldn't ) + infinitive without to
'd
If + S + Past Simple = V2 / didn't + V-inf.
be = was , were / (not be ) = wasn't , weren't
If Clause Main Clause
Subject + would + have + ( V3 )
wouldn't
If + S + had + ( V3 )
hadn't + v3
1. If a city ---------------------- everything and doesn't throw anything away, It's zero waste. ( recycle) 2016 2. The bus is late. If it ------------------------------ soon, we will get a taxi. ( not, arrive) 2017
3. If one presses the button , the picture ------------------------ . ( moved - moves - would move ) 2019
22. Cleft Sentences :
1. He has written many books , but his final book made him famous all over the world .
He has written many books, but it -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The Olympic Games were held in London in 2012 CE. The event -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
3. The Egyptians built the pyramids. It -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. The Great Mosque in Cordoba was built in 784 CE by Abd al-Rahman I. ( passive)
The person ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The mosque ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. I would like to go to London next year.
What -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Queen Rania opened the Children’s Museum of Jordan in 2007 CE.
It was ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Huda won the prize for art last year.
The prize-------------------------------------------------------The time------------------------------------------------------------
8. I stopped working at 11 p.m.
It was-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. My father has influenced me most.
The person----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. I like Geography most of all.
The subject----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. The heat made the journey unpleasant.
It was-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Al-Jazari invented the mechanical clock in the twelfth century.
The person ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
13. Al-Kindi contributed to the invention of the oud.
The person -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. Taha Hussein is especially famous for his work in literature .
It is ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2016
15. My neighbours' generosity impresses me more than anything else.
The thing that ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2017
16. The Second World War ended in 1945 in Europe .
The year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018
17. I would like to visit Petra next month.
What ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018
Sami (who) studied English (which) in Amman (where) in 1996. (when ) ( in which)
The person who ------------------------------------- ( is – was ) + Sami
The thing which ----------------------------------- ( is – was ) + a car The place where ------------------------------ ---- ( is – was ) + Amman
The time / year / day when -------------------------- ( is – was ) + yesterday
The way in which ------- / The reason why ----------
Sami ( is– was ) the person who
English ( is– was ) the thing which / that
Amman ( is – was ) the place where + باقي الجملة باستثناء الجزء المكتوب / المحدد
1996 ( is –was ) the time when
It ( is –was –) Sami who
It ( is –was –) English which
It ( is –was –) Amman where that + باقي الجملة باستثناء الجزء المكتوب / المحدد
It ( is –was –) 1996 when
What + ------------------------------------------------------------ + ( is - was ) + الاسم المحدد
23. Relative Clauses : ( who / which / that / where / when / whose )
Defining clauses : Necessary to the meaning of the sentence .
e.g. : There are many animals which have four legs .
Non-defining clauses : Add extra information - Not necessary - ( has a comma after the main clause . )
e.g. : Ali , who lives in Aqaba , is my friend .
Relative words Sentences
1. Who : Ahmad , Salma , the person , the man , the scientist I told you about the man who lives next door .2019
2. which / that : the thing , the car , the lion , the event Do you see the tiger which is lying on the roof ?
3. whose : the man whose + n I met the man whose daughter is a doctor
4. Where : the place where / Amman where + n +v / Amman which + V The city where we met Ali is very beautiful .
5 . W h e n : the time / year / day / period / week I remember the day when we entered the school.
1. London is a huge city. It’s the capital of the UK.
London--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The Giralda tower stands 104 metres tall. It is one of the most important buildings in spain.
The Giralda Tower, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Ibn Sina's friends advised him to relax. They were worried about his health.
Ibn Sina's friends, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. The students ----------------- cleaned the street are from our school. ( which - who - when - whose ) 2018
5. The prize --------------------- Huda won last year was for Art . ( when - where - which - who ) 2018
5. The person -------------------- has influenced me most is my father. ( when - where - which - who ) 2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Grammar
( for + time ) - استخدامات مختلفة لبعض كلمات القواعد
1. has / have + v3 - He ------------------------------------------- for three hours . ( study )
2. has / have + been + V-ing - He ------------------------------------------- for three hours . ( be , study )
3. had been + V-ing , V2 - After he ------------------------------------ for three hours , he slept. ( be , study )
4. will have + V3 - Next month, my parents -------------------------------- married for 20 years. ( be )
( By + time ) - استخدامات مختلفة لبعض كلمات القواعد
- By 1985, some schools ----------------------------------- laptops. ( use )
- By 1985, some schools ----------------------- laptops for along time. ( be,use )
B y + time (past) , had + V3
By + time (past) , had been + V-ing
- By 2020, some schools ----------------------------------- smartphones . ( use )
By + time (future) , will have + V3
- By the time we arrived , the train --------------------------------------. ( leave )
- By the time we arrived , the train ---------------------------------for an hour. (be, wait)
By the time + v2 , had + v3
By the time + v2 , had been + V-ing
- By the time we arrive , the train --------------------------------------. ( leave )
By the time + v1 , will have + v3
( When ) - استخدامات مختلفة لبعض كلمات القواعد
- I ---------------------------------- TV when she called. ( watch )
1. was / were + V-ing .. when.. + V2
- Ali -------------------- about his friend when he received a text from him . (be, think)
2. had been + V-ing .. when .. + V2
Plural nouns : people - children - men - mice -police - feet - women - oxen - youth –teeth - fish - cattle
Singular : news – a number - information - government - family - team
Complete the sentences so that they mean the same as the ones above them :
1. How much sleep do teenagers of our age need ? Do you know ------------------------------------------------------------ ?
2. Is it possible to improve your memory ? Do you know ------------------------------------------------------------?
3 . Can you suggest a healthy breakfast ? Do you mind -------------------------------------------------------------?
4. Please help me to plan my revision. Do you mind -------------------------------------------------------------?
5. What should I do on the day before the exam ? Do you mind -------------------------------------------------------------?
6. Does the exam start at ten or half past ten ? ----------------- wheather --------------------------------------------------- ?
7. Could you explain the best way to revise ? I wonder -----------------------------------------------------------------?
8. How much revision should I do ? Could you tell me -------------------------------------------------------?
9. What kind of books do bookshops sell ? Could ----------------------------------------------------------------------?
10. Could you explain what you mean by "mnemonics"? What ---------------------------------------------------------------?
11. Do you know how much sleep a teenager needs ? How -----------------------------------------------------------------?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
المبني للمجھول الغیرشخصي 25 The Impersonal Passive
24 Indirect Questions
Questions is introduced with ( what , where , why , who , when , how , how much , … etc. ).
Could you tell me … ? I wonder …………. .
Do you know ..? ( If ) كما ھي في جملة الحل واذا لم توجد في السؤال نضع ( Wh - How ) ١. نضع
Do you mind telling me ..? تحذف ونكمل باقي الجملة كما ھي ( do) .٢
Could you explain .? s –es... تحذف ویضاف للفعل ( does ) .٣
تحذف ویحول الفعل للماضي ( did ) .٤
نعكس الفاعل مع الفعل المساعد ثم نكمل الجملة - ملاحظة : لا یتغیر زمن الجملة او الضمائر او الظروف ( do-does-did ) ٥. اذا لم یوجد في الجملة
Can you suggest ……….. ? ( V+ing ) نحول الفعل الرئیسي الى ( Yes / No ) مع اسئلة ( Do you mind … ) ٦. استخدام
Where is …………… ?. ( Do you mind telling me + wh ………… ) تصبح ( Wh-Q ) مع اسئلة ( Do you mind … ) ٧. استخدام
( Do you mind explaining why …………. ) تصبح ( Why ) مع اسئلة ( Do you mind … ) ٨. استخدام
When does the lesson end ? Do you know when the lesson ends ?
Is this the right bus for the school ? Could you tell me if /whether this is the right bus for the school?
المبني للمعلوم Active Sentences المبني للمجھول الغیر شخصي Impersonal Passive
We can use the impersonal passive with: expect – expected
(say = said , think = thought , claim = claimed , believe = believed , prove = proved , know – known, assume - assumed
كفاعل في البدایة . ٢. نحول الفعل الاول للمبني للمجھول ویبقى باقي الجملة كما ھي : it ١.نضع
- Scientists say that dolphins are highly intelligent . - It is said that dolphins are highly intelligent
3. The impersonal passive can also be used with ( object + infinitive ) :
حسب القواعد التالیة : ( to ) مباشرة . ٣. نحول الفعل الثاني بعد كلمة ( to ) كفاعل اول . ٢. نحول الفعل الاول للمبني للمجھول ثم نضیف كلمة ( that ) ١. نبدأ بالفاعل الثاني بعد
- They believe that the story is true . - The story is believed to be true.
تحویل الفعل الاول للمبني للمجھول ( to) تحویل الفعل الثاني بعد كلمة
V1 / V+s ------------ ( am – is – are ) + V3 V1 / V+s --------------------------------------------- V-inf.
V2 ------------------- ( was – were ) + V3 am, is, are---------------------------------------- be
will , can, must , has to , used to ------ ( will , used to + be ) + V3 was, were --------------------------------------- have been
has / have + V3 ------------ ( has / have + been ) + V3 V2 / has +V3 / have + V3 / had +V3 ------------ have +V3
am, is, are, was, were + V-ing ---- ( am ,is ,are,was,were ) + being +V3 will + V-inf. ------------------------------------ V- inf.
doesn't + V / don't + V ----------------- ( am not ,is not ,are not ) + V3 am not , is not , are not ----------------------------- not to be
التحویل العكسي
( that ) ٢. نحضر الفاعل الموجود في الجملة قبل الفعل المساعد ونضعھ بعد كلمة . ( to ) ١. نحذف الكلمات من الفعل المساعد الى كلمة
الى حالتھ الاصلیة ٤. اذا لم یكن فعل المبني للمجھول محول الى المعلوم ... نحولھ اولا ثم نبدأ بالخطوات السابقة ( to ) ٢. نعید الفعل المحول بعد كلمة
- The brain is said to be good like a computer. - Scientists say that-------------------------------------------------------
Use the impersonal passive to report the following sentences :
1. People claim that Speaking a foreign language improves the functionality of your brain.
Speaking a foreign language, ---------------------- , improves the functionality of your brain. ( claim )
2. People believe that language learning can also improve your decision-making skills.
It ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Language learning -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. People think that we only use a small percentage of our brain power.
It ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. People believe that solving puzzles keeps the brain active.
It --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solving puzzles --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Experts have proved that exercise is good for concentration.
It -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Exercise has been proved to be good for concentration by experts.
Experts have proved that--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. People don't believe that making exercise makes them happy .
Making exercise ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Scientists proved that making exercise doesn't make people feel sad .
Making exercise ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. People believe that eating almonds reduces the risk of heart disease . 2016
Eating almonds --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. Doing regular exercise is believed to reduce the risk of several diseases. 2016
People believe that ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. They assumed that the last Olympic Games were a great success. 2017
It ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Experts have proved that eating fresh vegetables is good for the stomach. 2017
Eating fresh vegetables --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. My English teacher says that English clubs are essential for learning English well. 2018
English clubs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
26 Wish = If only
Rule Wish – If only : ( express regrets about the past )
I slept too long. I wish I hadn't slept….
V2 ------------------------------------------------- hadn't + V3
didn't + V-inf. ---------------------------------- had + V3 I didn't do ……. If only I had done ….
wasn't – weren't ---------------------------------- had been I wasn't successful. I wish I had been ….
Rule Wish – If only : ( express wishes about the present )
We live in a small flat I wish we didn't live ……
V1 / V-s --------------------------------------- didn't + V-inf.
don't / doesn't + V-inf. --------------------------------- V2 I don't know the answer. I wish I knew the answer.
He is far from here. He wishes he weren't far
He is not tall enough. He wishes he were taller.
am / is / are ----------------------------------------- weren't
am not / isn't / aren't ----------------------------------- were
I regret being angry -------- I wish I hadn't been angry.
I regret not being happy. ---- I wish I had been happy.
He should have been careful. – He wishes he had been ….
He shouldn't have been careless. He wishes he hadn't been ..
regret + V-ing ---------------------------------- hadn't + V3
regret + not + V-ing --------------------------- had + V3
should have + V3 ------------------------------ had + V3
shouldn't have + V3 --------------------------- hadn't + V3
تحویل الافعال
can couldn't can't could
will wouldn't won't would
am - is - are weren't have + V3 / has + V3 hadn't + V3
V1 / Vs-es didn't + inf. have to / has to = V1 didn't have to
am - is - are weren't have / has = V1 didn't have
am not - is not - are not were must - mustn't hadn't to - had to
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Ali did not pass his exams. If only he ----------------------- harder last year. (study)
2. Ziad is not very good at basketball. He wishes he ------------------------- taller! ( be ) 3. We didn't catch the earlier bus. We’re late. If only we ---------------------- the earlier bus. ( catch)
4. Our flat is very small. If only we ---------------------- in a big house. ( live )
5. Jaber isn’t old enough to drive a car. He wishes he -------------------------- older. ( be )
6. I wish I ------------------------------------ English better when I was younger. (learn)
7. I regret that I made an accident. I wish I --------------------- fast. (not drive)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Read the situations and complete the sentences :
1. Sultan forgot to do his Science homework.
If only he -------------------------------------------------------- to do it.
2. Nahla could not find her way round the city very easily.
If only she --------------------------------------------------------- a map.
3. Oh no! I’ve forgotten my library book. I left it at home.
I wish I ------------------------------------------------------------------- .
4. Our team didn’t play very well yesterday.
If only they ------------------------------------------------------- better.
5. I regret going to bed late last night.
I wish I -------------------------------------------------------------earlier.
6. Nader should have been more careful with his essay. He didn’t get a good mark. (wishes)
Nader wishes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 2016
7. I regret living abroad for a long time . (wish )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2016
8. I regret speaking aloud in my class . (wish )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2017
9. Mohammad didn't consult his career advisor, so he felt sorry. (wish )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2017
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Use the prompts and write sentences with ( I wish and If only ).
1. I’m cold. I wish I ------------------------------------------------------------------- . ( bring a coat)
2. We’re late. If only -------------------------------------------------------------------- . ( get up earlier )
3. I feel ill. If only -------------------------------------------------------------------- . ( not eat so many sweets )
4. Fadi has lost his wallet. I wish ------------------------------------------------------ . ( be more careful )
5. Huda was too busy to visit us yesterday. I wish she------------------------------ . ( be able to come )
6. I’ve broken my watch. If only ----------------------------------------------------- . ( not drop it )
7. I am very hungry! I wish I ------------------- before I went to the conference. ( not eat )
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Choose the correct answer :
1. Ziad is not very good at basketball. He wishes he --------- taller! ( is / were / was )
2. I can’t do this exercise. I wish I --------- it. ( understood / understand / understanding)
3. Mr Haddad does not understand the Chinese businessman.
If only he -------------------- Chinese. ( speak / spoke / had spoken)
4. Jordan needs to import a lot of oil.
If only it --------------------------- larger oil reserves. ( has / had / had had )
5. If only I ----------------- lost my ticket! ( haven’t / didn’t / hadn’t )
6. I always have to get home early. I wish my parents ------------------------ me stay out later. 2018
( lets / won't let / would let / will let )
I didn't wake up early and I missed my bus. I wish I ------------------------ early. 2018
( wake up / wakes up / had waken up / have waken up)
27. Conditional Sentences
If Clause - Zero Main Clause حقیقة ثابتة لا تتغیر
Subject + simple present ( a fact ) ( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are ( he , she , it + V-s / es )
(not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't ( I , we , you , they + V1 )
If + S + Simple Present
( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are / (not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't
1. If you boil water , it ------------------------------. (evaporate)
2. If plants ----------------- enough sunlight, they die. (not , get)
3. Water -------------------- to ice if the temperature falls below zero. (turn)
4. If you push this button , the video -------------------- . (play)
5.You get a huge feeling of satisfaction when you know that people --------- everything you translate. (understand)
6.When you --------------------- water to 100°C, it boils. (heat)
7.Do you usually go home or meet your friends when school ---------------- ? (finish)
8.If you ---------------------- the plants, they die. (not water)
9.During Ramadan, we eat when the sun ------------------- . ( set )
10.Ice cream melts when it ----------------------- warm.. ( get)
11.Plants die if they ----------------------------- enough sunlight. (not , get) 2017
21. Rawan always takes her mobile when she -------------------------- ( go out ) 2017
If Clause - I Main Clause محتمل الحدوث
Subject + will / won't ( modals ) + infinitive
'll / will not
be = will be / (not be ) = won't be
If + S + Simple Present
( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are / (not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't
1. provided that - unless - as long as - Even if ولكن المعنى مختلف if ادوات اخرى لھا نفس قاعدة
حتى لو طالما اذا لم – ما لم بشرط ان
1. If Sami studies hard , he ---------------------- all his exams . (pass)
2. If you -------------an interview for a job in pharmaceuticals, you will need to show real enthusiasm for the industry. (get)
3. I’ll buy the book if / provided tha t /as long as it ------------- too expensive. (not be)
4. I --------------------- it if it is too expensive . (not, buy)
5. If Sami studies hard , he ------------------ all his exams . (pass)
6. Unless you have a language degree, you ---------------- able to become an interpreter. (not be)
7. If you get an interview for a job, you ------------------- to show that you have good listening skills. (need)
8. If you are successful, it ---------------------- a secure and rewarding job. (be)
9. When you arrive at the station next Saturday, we ---------------- there to meet you. (be)
10. Nasser will come out with us tomorrow unless he -----------------help his father. ( have to)
11. I ---------------- you with your homework, as long as you help me with mine! ( help)
12. Provided that it ----------------- , we will have a picnic next week. (not rain)
13. If you win the prize, how -------------- you ------------ the money? (spend)
14. Even if Omar ----------- his driving test this afternoon, he won't have his own car. (pass)
15. You will not pass your exams unless you --------------------- hard. (study)
16. Your new computer will last a long time as long as you --------------- careful with it. (be)
17. I ----------------------- you if I miss the bus. (phone)
18. We’ll go to our favourite restaurant on Friday unless it ----------------- closed. ( be )
19. I will take the job offer provided that it------ part-time – I haven’t finished my university studies yet.. ( be)
20. We have to go to school even if we ---------------- tired. ( be)
21. We ------------------ umbrellas if it rains (need)
22. The teacher ----------------- pleased if I write a good essay. (be)
23. Provided that everyone ------------------- hard, we’ll all pass our exams.. (work)
24. Babies --------------------- usually happy unless they’re hungry or cold. (be)
25. We should always be polite even if we --------------------- tired. (feel)
26. Rawan always takes her mobile when she -------------------------- ( go out ) 2017
27. Ali will be upset, If you ------------------------ him to your party. ( not, invite ) 2018
6. You won't get a job in France unless you ---------------------- French.
a. speak b. speaks c. is speaking d. spoke 2018
3. The Third conditional ( Type 3 ) : The third sequence refers to a condition which was not met in the past :
If Clause – Type 3 Main Clause - الخیال
S + would have / could have / might have (not ) + P.P ( V3 )
ربما كان من الممكن - قدرة تاكد ( less sure )
If + S + had + P.P ( V3 )
hadn't + PP (V3)
1. I --------------------------- the job if I had had some experience. (get)
2. If you had done the course, you ------------------------- enough experience to apply for the job. (had)
3. If Huda ------------- ill yesterday, she wouldn’t have missed the exam. ( not be)
4. If my father had gone to university, he -------------------- a teacher. ( can be)
5. Jameel might not have become a musician if his parents ----------------------- him. ( not encourage)
Read the situations and complete the sentences with the third conditional, using the word in brackets.
Sentence ( Fact ) If Clause ( Imagination )
1. If + S + hadn't V3 …..…., S + would / could (might) have + V3
2. If + S + had V3 …….…., S + would / could (might) not + have + V3
3. If + S + had V3 ……..…., S + would / could (might) have + V3
4. If + S + hadn't + V3 …...., S + would / could (might) not + have + V3
1. S + V2 …. , so + didn't + V-inf
2. S + didn't + V-inf , so + V2 ….
3. S + didn't + v-inf , so + didn't + V-inf
4. S + V2 . S + V2
1. Saeed left his camera at home, so he wasn’t able to take pictures of the parade. (could)
If Saeed hadn’t left his camera at home, he could have taken pictures of the parade.
If Saeed hadn’t left his camera at home, he could have been able to take pictures of the parade.
2. I had a headache yesterday, and I didn’t do well in the Maths test. (might)
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3. I didn’t know your phone number, so I wasn’t able to contact you. (could)
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4. You had a brightly-coloured T-shirt on. That’s how I noticed you in the crowd. (might not)
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5. I worked really hard the day before the exam. I got top marks. (might not)
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6. I didn't stay at home that day, so I didn't miss the celebration. (would)
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7. My friend invited me to the library, so I went. (would not )
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8. Saleem left his wallet at home, so he wasn’t able to purchase his necessary items. (could) 2016
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9. I studied really hard the day before the final exams. I achieved the first rank in my class. (might not) 2016
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10. Sami didn't apply immedietly for the scholarship, so he didn't get it . ( if , could ) 2016
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11. Marwan worked really hard the day before the exam. He got top marks. ( if / might not) 2017
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12. The company didn't know your phone number, so they weren't able to contact you. ( if / might) 2017
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Change the following sentences into facts :
( hadn't + V3 = V2 ) / ( wouldn't , couldn't , mightn't have + V3 = V2 )
( had + V3 = didn't + V-inf. ) / ( would , could , might have + V3 = didn't + V-inf. )
1. If I hadn’t come to this school, I could have taken English.
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2. If I hadn’t grown up in this city, I might have learnt French.
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Using "Unless" : ( Unless = If …… not ) ( عدد الافعال المنفیة في جملة السؤال والجواب نفس العدد ( نفي النفي اثبات
Sentence If Clause
1. Unless + S + Vi/Vs …..…., S + won't + V-inf.
2. Unless + S + V1/Vs..…….., S + won't + V-inf.
3. Unless + S + V1/Vs..…….., S + will + V-inf.
1. If + V1/Vs …. , S + will +V-inf
2. If + S+ doesn't/don't + v-inf , S + won't
3. If + S+ doesn't/don't + v-inf , S + will
1. If you study hard, you will pass your exam. Unless ----------------------------------------------------------------------
2. If you don't water the plants, they will die . Unless ----------------------------------------------------------------------
3. If I don't write a good essay, the teacher won't be pleased. Unless ------------------------------------------------------
4. If our team wins the match, they won't leave the stadium. Unless ------------------------------------------------------
6. Unless you study hard, you won't succeed. If ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7. Unless you are clever, you will fail. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. If I travel a lot, I will buy many things. Even if ----------------------------------------------------------------------
9. I’ll buy the book if it isn’t too expensive. Even if ----------------------------------------------------------------------
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Choose the correct answer :
1. ------------------- you heat water to 100°C, it boils. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
2. You will not pass your exams ----------- you study hard. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
3 . ----------- you don't water the plants, they will die. ( If , unless , when , even if )
4. Do you usually go home or meet your friends -------- school finishes. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
5. Your new computer will last a long time -------you are careful with it. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
6. Ice cream melts -------------it gets warm. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
7. We need umbrellas -------------- it rains. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
8. The teacher will be pleased ----------- I write a good essay. ( if , unless , when , even if )
9. Our team will celebrate --------- they win the match. ( if , unless , when , even if )
10. --------------- everyone works hard, we’ll all pass our exams. (Provided that , Unless , When , Even if )
11. Babies are usually happy --------- they’re hungry or cold. (as long as – provided that – unless – if ) 2018
12. We should always be polite ---------- we feel tired. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
13. During Ramadan, Muslims eat ------------ the sun sets. (as long as , unless , when , even if ) 2018
14. I'll phone you ------------I miss the bus , so that you pick. ( if , unless , when , even if )
15. We'll go out to our favourite restaurant ------------ it's closed. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
16. I'll take the job offer ------ it's part time – I haven't finished my university studies yet (provided that , unless , when , even if )
17. We have to go to school ---------- we're tired. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing – Using pronouns : Function : We use pronouns as ways to link paragraphs and ideas.
The following advice about preparing for exams was given by our teacher. He should know- as he has taken
so many of them in his life ! He said, "It is not a good idea to study late at night. This is because your brain
is tired then, and it is unlikely to retain the information as well. The best time to study is early in the
morning. That is when you feel most awake."
He : our teacher
Many of them : exams
This : the reason why you shouldn't study late at night
It : the brain
That : early in the morning
The best time to study is early in the morning. That is when you feel most awake. 2016
What is the function of using the pronoun that in the above sentence ? ……………….. link ideas
My computer isn't working. Can you have a look at ------------------------ . 2018
( him , her , it , them )
28 Quantifiers to make comparisons الكمیات لعمل المقارنة
the most X the least
the most X the fewest
more X fewer
more X less
better X worse
farther X nearer
poorer X richer
hotter X colder
later X earlier
longer X shorter
faster X slower
taller X shorter
bigger X smaller
cheaper X more expensive
easier X more difficult
tall ( short adjective ) taller than - (er – than ) The tallest - ( The – est )
expensive ( long adjective ) more expensive than The most expensive
be + as …..adj.…...as / V + as ….adv…as as much / many + ……as
(as ….. as ) الى (more ) - التحویل من
: Ali في بدایة الجملة بدل Ahmad اذا بدأ السؤال بعكس الاسماء اي بوضع : (as ….. as ) الى (more ) - عند التحویل من
- اولا ننفي الفعل الموجود في الجملة :
حسب الفاعل الموجود في بدایة الجملة . doesn't او don't تصبح V +s -es / . وھكذا aren't تصبح are - isn't تصبح is -
ونكمل الجملة كما ھي . as كلمة than ثم نضع مكان كلمة as كلمة more - نضع مكان كلمة
دون اي تغییر في الجملة سوى عكس الاسماء او اقطاب الجملة less الى كلمة more - او نستطیع عند اعادة الكتابة تحویل كلمة
1. Ali's car is more expensive than Ahmad's. ………… Ahmad's car is less expensive than Ali's -
Ahmad's car isn't as expensive as Ali's - 2. Ali plays more quickly than Ahmad . …………………Ahmad plays less quickly than Ali.
Ahmad doesn't play as quickly as Ali
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
: (as ….. as ) الى ( er ) - التحویل من صفة مضاف لھا
: Ali في بدایة الجملة بدل Ahmad اذا بدأ السؤال بعكس الاسماء اي بوضع : (as ….. as ) الى (er ) - عند التحویل من
- اولا ننفي الفعل الموجود في الجملة :
V +s -es / . وھكذا aren't تصبح are - isn't تصبح is -
ونكمل الجملة كما ھي . as كلمة than المضافة للصفة ثم نضع مكان كلمة er بدل as - نضع كلمة
- او نستطیع عند اعادة الكتابة تحویل الصفة بان نحضر عكسھا دون اي تغییر في الجملة سوى عكس الاسماء او اقطاب الجملة
2. Ali is taller than Ahmad . ……………………………..Ahmad is shorter than Ali .
Ahmad isn't as tall as Ali
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
: ( more ) الى (as ….. as ) - التحویل من
: Omar في بدایة الجملة بدل Ahmad اذا بدأ السؤال بعكس الاسماء اي بوضع : (more ) الى (as ….. as ) - عند التحویل من
- اولا : الفعل الموجود في الجملة منفي یصبح مثبت ::
.V +s -es تحذف تحذف ونعید الفعل بعد ھما الى doesn't او don't / . وھكذا are تصبح aren't - is تصبح isn't -
ونكمل الجملة كما ھي . than كلمة as ثم نضع مكان كلمة more كلمة as - نضع مكان كلمة
دون اي تغییر في الجملة سوى عكس الاسماء او اقطاب الجملة less الى كلمة not as - او نستطیع عند اعادة الكتابة تحویل كلمة
1. Omar is not as generous as Ahmad……….. ………… Ahmad is more generous than Omar.
Omar is less generous than Ahmad . 3. Ali doesn't play as quickly as Omar. ……………..……Omar plays more quickly than Ali.
Ali plays less quickly than Omar.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
: ( er ) الى (as ….. as ) - التحویل من
: Ali في بدایة الجملة بدل Omar اذا بدأ السؤال بعكس الاسماء اي بوضع : (er ) الى (as ….. as ) - عند التحویل من
- اولا ننفي الفعل الموجود في الجملة :
وھكذا . are تصبح aren't - is تصبح isn't -
ونكمل الجملة كما ھي . than كلمة as الموجودة قبل الصفة ثم نضع مكان كلمة as ونحذف er - نضیف للصفة
- او نستطیع عند اعادة الكتابة بتحویل الصفة بان نحضر عكسھا دون اي تغییر في الجملة سوى عكس الاسماء او اقطاب الجملة
2. Ali isn't as tall as Omar. .. …………………………….. Omar is taller than Ali.
Ali is shorter than Omar.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
: ( as many ) و (as much ) استخدام
لا نغیر شیئ في الجملة ولا نبدل الاسماء ولكن ننفي الفعل قبل كلمة المقارنة : ( fewer – less ) على ( as much ) - (as many ) اذا دخلت
1. There are fewer houses in my village than in their village . ( as many )
There aren't as many houses in my village as in their village .
2. Ali has less water than Omar. ( as much ) Ali doesn't have as much water as Omar .
نبدل الاسماء وننفي الفعل قبل كلمة المقارنة : ( more ) على ( as much ) - (as many ) اذا دخلت
1. My brother eats more fast food than me . ( as much ) I don't eat as much fast food as my brother .
2. There are more people in Amman than in Zarka . ( as many ) There aren't as many people in Zarka as in Amman .
Rewrite the following sentences with ones that have similar meanings :
1. There is less information on the website than in the book. (as much)
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2. The cheapest thing on the menue is orange juice.
The least -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Neither Maths nor Science are as popular as English.
English --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Jordanian children start school a year later than English children.
English children -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Studying physics is not as popular as studying Biology in Britain .
Studying Biology -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. The electronic newspapers are not as acceptable as the ordinary ones.
The ordinary newspapers -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Not as many people applied for Law in 2014 CE as in 2013 CE.
In 2013 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. 11 % more people applied for Engineering in 2014 CE than in 2013 CE.
Not as many people ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. No subject is more difficult than Physics.
Physics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. I don't eat as much fast food as my brother.
My brother -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. I can't run as fast as you .
You can -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. I haven't got as much homework as my brother.
My brother -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. There are not as many people in our class as yours .
There are more ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. I don't like running as much as I like swimming.
I like -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. Students don't like doing Music and Art as much as they like doing Maths.
Students like --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Editing :
Imagine you are an editor in the Jordan Times. You are asked to edit the following lines that have four mistakes ( one
grammar mistake, one punctuation mistake and two spelling mistakes.) Find out these four mistakes and correct them.
1. b-p / c-k / j-g / s-t / i-e / s-z / o-u / f-v ركز على تبدیل الحروف التالیة في الكلمات
2.Capital letter , comma, full stop, question mark ( a-A / , / ? / : / ; )
3. One grammar mistake . (will have helped = will help)
Edit the following text. There are two grammar mistakes and three spelling mistakes. Find and correct them.
1. ------------------------------ 2. --------------------------- 3. --------------------------- 4. -------------------------
1. ------------------------------ 2. --------------------------- 3. --------------------------- 4. -------------------------
Edit the following text . There are two grammar mistakes and three punctuation mistakes
These days, many classrooms used a whitebourd as a computer screen. as a consequence, teachers can
show websites on the board in front of the class. Teachers can then use the internet to show educasional
programmes.
In the near future, a new ‘bionic eye’ will have helped people with failing eyesite to see again. A devise
inside the eye picks up an image from a small camera attached to a pair of sunglasses and send it to the
brian, which interprets it as vision.
Scientists will say that exercise is not only important for general fitness ; but that it also good for the brain , it helped
us concentrate better ? As a result , we perform better in exams .
Complete each of the following sentences :
منسوجات یدعم معدات صناعي امراض
( ailments - artificial - equipment - fund - textile )
1. My sister wants to be a fashion designer and work with ----------------------- .
2. Before the boys go climbing, they will go to a special shop to buy all the ------------------ that they need.
3. Old people tend to suffer from more -------------------- than younger people.
4. My parents have saved enough money to ------------------- our university courses.
Answers : 1. textile 2. equipment 3. ailments 4. Fund
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
at + time + future / tonight at 5 pm. / Will – still / in an hour
( in …. time / In 2 days / the exact time later / This time tomorrow
Subject + will (won't) be + V-ing
1. This time next year (In two days), They ----------------------------------------------- for the final exam. (prepare)
2. It's a very long course, so I -------------------------------- -------------- in seven years' time . ( still study )
3. Will it still ------------------------------------ this evening ? (rain)
4. I can't call my dad right now. He'll ---------------------------------------- the plane. It takes off in an hour. ( board)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. The Future Perfect : ( next month , …….. for ) Let's celebrate
1. ( Subject + will have + V-3 ) - for + time Key words
-by + future / by the time + v1 / by.. tomorrow,
-by next …/ by then / by three years from now /
-by the end of this year / before long )
- (This time tomorrow / next ....... for + time )
2. ( Subject + won't have + V-3 )
3. By + time (future) = By 2020 , will have + V3
4. By the time + V1 , will have + V3
5. By the time + V2 , had + V3 / had been + V-ing . (be,v)
1. By 2029 CE, the new motorway ---------------------------------------------------------------- . (open)
2. Next month, our family --------------------------- in this house for a year. (have, live) 2019, 2017 3. This time next month, my parents ---------------------- married for twenty years. ( be ) 4. This time tomorrow, we'll be celebrating because we ---------------------- our exams. ( finish ) 5. Will you ---------------------------- your homework by seven o'clock ? ( do ) 2016 6. In thirty years' time , scientists ------------------ a cure for cancer. ( found - find - will have found – were finding ) 2018
7. By the time we get to the station, the train ------------------------------------------------------. (not, go)
8. By the time we got to the station, the train ------------------------------------------------------. (not, go)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
13.
1. It isn't necessary to : You don't have to : ( necessary to = have to )
2. are not allowed to : mustn't (allowed to = could )
3. I think you should + V If I were you , I would + V-inf.
4. V1 ------ + to make ------ + V1 If + V1 ---------- , ---------- V-s
1. It isn't necessary to switch off the screen . You ------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.You are not allowed to touch this machine . You ------------------------------------------------------------------.
3. I think you should check the spelling of the new learnt words in the dictionary. If I ------------------------------------- 2017
4. I think I should see a doctor. If I ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018 , 2019 5. Press the button to make the picture move . If you -----------------------------------------------------------------
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
14. Used to :
1. ( Subject + used to + V-inf. ) - affirmative Key words
- when I was young – a student – a child – 12 years old
- when I was your age - when you were younger - --, but now – these days – but we stopped – but it closed
2. ( Subject + didn't use to + V-inf. ) - negative
3. ( Did + Subject + use to + V-inf. …. ? ) - interrogative
4. S + used to + V-inf. = past habit = past state
5. It was a past habit for Ali to do…. = Ali used to do …..
1. She ------------------------------------- a teacher, but now she's retired. ( use to, be)
2. My mother ------------------------------ my clothes, but now she does. ( not, use to, buy)
3.When I was young, I ----------- on foot to my school . ( are used to going – used to go – use to go – am used to going ) 2018
4. Rashid ------------- swimming every morning , but now he doesn't. ( are used to going – used to go – use to go – am used to going ) 2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
15. Be + used to + V- ing :
1. S + ( am , is , are , was , were) + used to + V-ing / noun / pron. ) Key words
- always – usually - often
- has / have + V3
2. S + ( am , is , are , was , were - not) + used to + V-ing / noun / pron. )
3. Be (am – is – are ) + used to = ( normal – familiar – customary – ordinary - habitual )
4. It is normal for Ali to do…. = Ali is used to doing …..
5. It isn't normal for Ali to do…. = Ali isn't used to doing …..
1. We've lived in the city along time , so we------------------------------------------------- the traffic. ( use to )
2. We needed warm clothes when we went to London. We ------------------------------- the cold weather. ( not, use to )
3. My mother is used to buy my clothes , but now I choose my own . ------------------------------------------------------ 4. Most Jordanians used to the hot weather where we have in summer . ------------------------------------------------- 5. It is normal for me now to get up early to study.
I am --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. It's not normal for my younger brother to use his electronic dictionary .
My younger brother ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2018
7. It is normal for my children now to eat fresh vegetables .
My children ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
16. Causative Verbs – ( Subject + has / have / had + object + V افعال السببیة ( 3
- I asked someone to fix my computer . I -------------------------------------------------------------------- (had)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
17. Speculation : التخمین
1. must , can't + V تاكید في المضارع 1 sure, certain , It's true , I know , certainly , definitely
2. must , can't + have + V تاكید في الماضي 3
not sure , not certain , I don't know , I think , I believe
possible , probable , may be , perhaps
3. might + V احتمال في المضارع 1
4. might have + V احتمال في الماضي 3
1. Perhaps Issa's phone is broken . Issa's phone ----------------------------------------------------------------.( might )
2. I am sure English is easy. English ----------------------------------------------------------------------.
3. I am sure Geography isn't difficult. Geography -------------------------------------------------------------------.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
18. Verbs + to + inf. / Verbs +V-ing
Verbs followed by ( to + inf.) ( want - plan - hope - afford – intend – used - need – offer – expect )
Verbs followed by ( V + ing ) ( stop - enjoy - avoid - mind ) + V-ing
1. I want to get a new apartment but I can't afford -------------------- money at the moment. ( borrow) 2017
2. My friend stopped ---------------------------------- when the teacher came. ( talk )
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19. Reported Speech :
V1 V2 don't , doesn't didn't ( didn't – hadn't + v3 )
V2 had + V3 may / might Might
had + V3 had + V3 must , have to , has to had to
will / would would ought to ought to
shall / should should (is , am – was) / ( are – were ) ( has , have – had ) / ( had – had had)
can / could could (was – were - had been ) ( need – would need )
myself I me my
himself he him his
herself she her her
ourselves we us our
themselves They them their
yourself - yourselves You + V V + you your
today that day here there
tonight that night this that
at the moment at that moment next the following
yesterday the day before – the previous day these those
ago before since / last week the week before – previous week
tomorrow the day after – the following day now Then – at that time
1. " Some parents take their children to the city park weekly."
Mr, Asmar said ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . 2018
2. " Schools provide children with basic education."
Safwan said --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . 2018
3. " I'll meet you here tomorrow." ( My parents have passwords to monitor …….. )
She told me ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 2019
20. Passive Voice :
Active Passive
S + V1 + O O + ( am – is – are ) + V3 + by + S
S + V2 + O O + ( was / were ) + V3 + by + S
S + ( will , shall, must , has to , …. ) + V . inf. + O O + ( will / shall , … ) + be + V3 + by + S
would , can , could , may , used to , have to , has to ……
S + ( am-is-are ) + V. ing + O O + ( am-is-are ) + being + V3 + by + S
S + ( was / were ) + V. ing + O O + ( was / were ) + being + V3 + by + S
S + will + have + V3 + O O + will + have + been + V3 + by + S
S + ( has-have-had ) + V3 + O O + ( has-have-had ) + been + V3 + by + S
- don't – doesn't --------- am not , isn't , aren't - am , is , are + always , usually , often + V3
- didn't ------------------- wasn't , weren't
1. Somebody has found my laptop . My -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. My parents have saved enough money to fund our university courses. Enough money ------------------------------ 3. Safwan usually discharges my laptop. My laptop ------------------------------------------------------------------------
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
عند تصحیح الفعل بین الاقواس اذا وجدت الكلمات التالیة یحول الفعل حسب الجدول الایمن Passive
every , each , always , usually , often ( am – is – are ) + V3
yesterday , last week , year , month , in 1960 , in the past , when ( was - were ) + V3
tomorrow , next week , in two months ( will + be ) + V3
now , at the moment , at present ( am - is - are ) + being + V3
while ( was - were ) + being + V3
By 2030 , by next , by the end of the year .. ( will + have + been + V3
just / so far / ,so / already / recently / lately / today ( has - have ) + been + V3
1. An introductory grammar of Jordanian sign language ---------------------------- in 2004CE. ( do )
2. Now, about one billion smartphones -------------------- around the world each year. ( sell ) 2017 3. Ibn Rushd who ---------------------------- in Cordoba is a famous Islamic polymath. ( born ) 2017
4. The ruins ------------------------------ by thousands of tourists every year . ( view ) 2018
5. Last night, many students ------------------- in the English club. ( was elected - were elected - are elected ) 2018
6. I am afraid that my laptop ------------------- by somebody else yesterday. ( was used - are used - will use ) 2019
7. In 2010, the first tablet computer ----------------------------------------- . ( produce )
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 21. Conditional Sentences
If Clause Main Clause
Subject + simple present ( a fact ) ( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are ( he , she , it + V-s / es )
(not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't ( I , we , you , they + V1 )
If + S + Simple Present
( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are / (not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't
If Clause Main Clause
Subject + will / won't ( modals ) + infinitive
'll / will not
If + S + Simple Present
( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are / (not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't
If Clause Main Clause
Subject + would ( wouldn't ) + infinitive without to
'd
If + S + Past Simple = V2 / didn't + V-inf.
be = was , were / (not be ) = wasn't , weren't
If Clause Main Clause
Subject + would + have + ( V3 )
wouldn't
If + S + had + ( V3 )
hadn't + v3
1. If a city ---------------------- everything and doesn't throw anything away, It's zero waste. ( recycle) 2016 2. The bus is late. If it ------------------------------ soon, we will get a taxi. ( not, arrive) 2017
3. If one presses the button , the picture ------------------------ . ( moved - moves - would move ) 2019
22. Cleft Sentences :
1. He has written many books , but his final book made him famous all over the world .
He has written many books, but it -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The Olympic Games were held in London in 2012 CE. The event -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
3. The Egyptians built the pyramids. It -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. The Great Mosque in Cordoba was built in 784 CE by Abd al-Rahman I. ( passive)
The person ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The mosque ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. I would like to go to London next year.
What -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Queen Rania opened the Children’s Museum of Jordan in 2007 CE.
It was ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Huda won the prize for art last year.
The prize-------------------------------------------------------The time------------------------------------------------------------
8. I stopped working at 11 p.m.
It was-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. My father has influenced me most.
The person----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. I like Geography most of all.
The subject----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. The heat made the journey unpleasant.
It was-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Al-Jazari invented the mechanical clock in the twelfth century.
The person ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
13. Al-Kindi contributed to the invention of the oud.
The person -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. Taha Hussein is especially famous for his work in literature .
It is ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2016
15. My neighbours' generosity impresses me more than anything else.
The thing that ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2017
16. The Second World War ended in 1945 in Europe .
The year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018
17. I would like to visit Petra next month.
What ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018
Sami (who) studied English (which) in Amman (where) in 1996. (when ) ( in which)
The person who ------------------------------------- ( is – was ) + Sami
The thing which ----------------------------------- ( is – was ) + a car The place where ------------------------------ ---- ( is – was ) + Amman
The time / year / day when -------------------------- ( is – was ) + yesterday
The way in which ------- / The reason why ----------
Sami ( is– was ) the person who
English ( is– was ) the thing which / that
Amman ( is – was ) the place where + باقي الجملة باستثناء الجزء المكتوب / المحدد
1996 ( is –was ) the time when
It ( is –was –) Sami who
It ( is –was –) English which
It ( is –was –) Amman where that + باقي الجملة باستثناء الجزء المكتوب / المحدد
It ( is –was –) 1996 when
What + ------------------------------------------------------------ + ( is - was ) + الاسم المحدد
23. Relative Clauses : ( who / which / that / where / when / whose )
Defining clauses : Necessary to the meaning of the sentence .
e.g. : There are many animals which have four legs .
Non-defining clauses : Add extra information - Not necessary - ( has a comma after the main clause . )
e.g. : Ali , who lives in Aqaba , is my friend .
Relative words Sentences
1. Who : Ahmad , Salma , the person , the man , the scientist I told you about the man who lives next door .2019
2. which / that : the thing , the car , the lion , the event Do you see the tiger which is lying on the roof ?
3. whose : the man whose + n I met the man whose daughter is a doctor
4. Where : the place where / Amman where + n +v / Amman which + V The city where we met Ali is very beautiful .
5 . W h e n : the time / year / day / period / week I remember the day when we entered the school.
1. London is a huge city. It’s the capital of the UK.
London--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The Giralda tower stands 104 metres tall. It is one of the most important buildings in spain.
The Giralda Tower, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Ibn Sina's friends advised him to relax. They were worried about his health.
Ibn Sina's friends, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. The students ----------------- cleaned the street are from our school. ( which - who - when - whose ) 2018
5. The prize --------------------- Huda won last year was for Art . ( when - where - which - who ) 2018
5. The person -------------------- has influenced me most is my father. ( when - where - which - who ) 2019
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Grammar
( for + time ) - استخدامات مختلفة لبعض كلمات القواعد
1. has / have + v3 - He ------------------------------------------- for three hours . ( study )
2. has / have + been + V-ing - He ------------------------------------------- for three hours . ( be , study )
3. had been + V-ing , V2 - After he ------------------------------------ for three hours , he slept. ( be , study )
4. will have + V3 - Next month, my parents -------------------------------- married for 20 years. ( be )
( By + time ) - استخدامات مختلفة لبعض كلمات القواعد
- By 1985, some schools ----------------------------------- laptops. ( use )
- By 1985, some schools ----------------------- laptops for along time. ( be,use )
B y + time (past) , had + V3
By + time (past) , had been + V-ing
- By 2020, some schools ----------------------------------- smartphones . ( use )
By + time (future) , will have + V3
- By the time we arrived , the train --------------------------------------. ( leave )
- By the time we arrived , the train ---------------------------------for an hour. (be, wait)
By the time + v2 , had + v3
By the time + v2 , had been + V-ing
- By the time we arrive , the train --------------------------------------. ( leave )
By the time + v1 , will have + v3
( When ) - استخدامات مختلفة لبعض كلمات القواعد
- I ---------------------------------- TV when she called. ( watch )
1. was / were + V-ing .. when.. + V2
- Ali -------------------- about his friend when he received a text from him . (be, think)
2. had been + V-ing .. when .. + V2
Plural nouns : people - children - men - mice -police - feet - women - oxen - youth –teeth - fish - cattle
Singular : news – a number - information - government - family - team
Complete the sentences so that they mean the same as the ones above them :
1. How much sleep do teenagers of our age need ? Do you know ------------------------------------------------------------ ?
2. Is it possible to improve your memory ? Do you know ------------------------------------------------------------?
3 . Can you suggest a healthy breakfast ? Do you mind -------------------------------------------------------------?
4. Please help me to plan my revision. Do you mind -------------------------------------------------------------?
5. What should I do on the day before the exam ? Do you mind -------------------------------------------------------------?
6. Does the exam start at ten or half past ten ? ----------------- wheather --------------------------------------------------- ?
7. Could you explain the best way to revise ? I wonder -----------------------------------------------------------------?
8. How much revision should I do ? Could you tell me -------------------------------------------------------?
9. What kind of books do bookshops sell ? Could ----------------------------------------------------------------------?
10. Could you explain what you mean by "mnemonics"? What ---------------------------------------------------------------?
11. Do you know how much sleep a teenager needs ? How -----------------------------------------------------------------?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
المبني للمجھول الغیرشخصي 25 The Impersonal Passive
24 Indirect Questions
Questions is introduced with ( what , where , why , who , when , how , how much , … etc. ).
Could you tell me … ? I wonder …………. .
Do you know ..? ( If ) كما ھي في جملة الحل واذا لم توجد في السؤال نضع ( Wh - How ) ١. نضع
Do you mind telling me ..? تحذف ونكمل باقي الجملة كما ھي ( do) .٢
Could you explain .? s –es... تحذف ویضاف للفعل ( does ) .٣
تحذف ویحول الفعل للماضي ( did ) .٤
نعكس الفاعل مع الفعل المساعد ثم نكمل الجملة - ملاحظة : لا یتغیر زمن الجملة او الضمائر او الظروف ( do-does-did ) ٥. اذا لم یوجد في الجملة
Can you suggest ……….. ? ( V+ing ) نحول الفعل الرئیسي الى ( Yes / No ) مع اسئلة ( Do you mind … ) ٦. استخدام
Where is …………… ?. ( Do you mind telling me + wh ………… ) تصبح ( Wh-Q ) مع اسئلة ( Do you mind … ) ٧. استخدام
( Do you mind explaining why …………. ) تصبح ( Why ) مع اسئلة ( Do you mind … ) ٨. استخدام
When does the lesson end ? Do you know when the lesson ends ?
Is this the right bus for the school ? Could you tell me if /whether this is the right bus for the school?
المبني للمعلوم Active Sentences المبني للمجھول الغیر شخصي Impersonal Passive
We can use the impersonal passive with: expect – expected
(say = said , think = thought , claim = claimed , believe = believed , prove = proved , know – known, assume - assumed
كفاعل في البدایة . ٢. نحول الفعل الاول للمبني للمجھول ویبقى باقي الجملة كما ھي : it ١.نضع
- Scientists say that dolphins are highly intelligent . - It is said that dolphins are highly intelligent
3. The impersonal passive can also be used with ( object + infinitive ) :
حسب القواعد التالیة : ( to ) مباشرة . ٣. نحول الفعل الثاني بعد كلمة ( to ) كفاعل اول . ٢. نحول الفعل الاول للمبني للمجھول ثم نضیف كلمة ( that ) ١. نبدأ بالفاعل الثاني بعد
- They believe that the story is true . - The story is believed to be true.
تحویل الفعل الاول للمبني للمجھول ( to) تحویل الفعل الثاني بعد كلمة
V1 / V+s ------------ ( am – is – are ) + V3 V1 / V+s --------------------------------------------- V-inf.
V2 ------------------- ( was – were ) + V3 am, is, are---------------------------------------- be
will , can, must , has to , used to ------ ( will , used to + be ) + V3 was, were --------------------------------------- have been
has / have + V3 ------------ ( has / have + been ) + V3 V2 / has +V3 / have + V3 / had +V3 ------------ have +V3
am, is, are, was, were + V-ing ---- ( am ,is ,are,was,were ) + being +V3 will + V-inf. ------------------------------------ V- inf.
doesn't + V / don't + V ----------------- ( am not ,is not ,are not ) + V3 am not , is not , are not ----------------------------- not to be
التحویل العكسي
( that ) ٢. نحضر الفاعل الموجود في الجملة قبل الفعل المساعد ونضعھ بعد كلمة . ( to ) ١. نحذف الكلمات من الفعل المساعد الى كلمة
الى حالتھ الاصلیة ٤. اذا لم یكن فعل المبني للمجھول محول الى المعلوم ... نحولھ اولا ثم نبدأ بالخطوات السابقة ( to ) ٢. نعید الفعل المحول بعد كلمة
- The brain is said to be good like a computer. - Scientists say that-------------------------------------------------------
Use the impersonal passive to report the following sentences :
1. People claim that Speaking a foreign language improves the functionality of your brain.
Speaking a foreign language, ---------------------- , improves the functionality of your brain. ( claim )
2. People believe that language learning can also improve your decision-making skills.
It ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Language learning -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. People think that we only use a small percentage of our brain power.
It ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. People believe that solving puzzles keeps the brain active.
It --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solving puzzles --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Experts have proved that exercise is good for concentration.
It -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Exercise has been proved to be good for concentration by experts.
Experts have proved that--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. People don't believe that making exercise makes them happy .
Making exercise ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Scientists proved that making exercise doesn't make people feel sad .
Making exercise ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. People believe that eating almonds reduces the risk of heart disease . 2016
Eating almonds --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. Doing regular exercise is believed to reduce the risk of several diseases. 2016
People believe that ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. They assumed that the last Olympic Games were a great success. 2017
It ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Experts have proved that eating fresh vegetables is good for the stomach. 2017
Eating fresh vegetables --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. My English teacher says that English clubs are essential for learning English well. 2018
English clubs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
26 Wish = If only
Rule Wish – If only : ( express regrets about the past )
I slept too long. I wish I hadn't slept….
V2 ------------------------------------------------- hadn't + V3
didn't + V-inf. ---------------------------------- had + V3 I didn't do ……. If only I had done ….
wasn't – weren't ---------------------------------- had been I wasn't successful. I wish I had been ….
Rule Wish – If only : ( express wishes about the present )
We live in a small flat I wish we didn't live ……
V1 / V-s --------------------------------------- didn't + V-inf.
don't / doesn't + V-inf. --------------------------------- V2 I don't know the answer. I wish I knew the answer.
He is far from here. He wishes he weren't far
He is not tall enough. He wishes he were taller.
am / is / are ----------------------------------------- weren't
am not / isn't / aren't ----------------------------------- were
I regret being angry -------- I wish I hadn't been angry.
I regret not being happy. ---- I wish I had been happy.
He should have been careful. – He wishes he had been ….
He shouldn't have been careless. He wishes he hadn't been ..
regret + V-ing ---------------------------------- hadn't + V3
regret + not + V-ing --------------------------- had + V3
should have + V3 ------------------------------ had + V3
shouldn't have + V3 --------------------------- hadn't + V3
تحویل الافعال
can couldn't can't could
will wouldn't won't would
am - is - are weren't have + V3 / has + V3 hadn't + V3
V1 / Vs-es didn't + inf. have to / has to = V1 didn't have to
am - is - are weren't have / has = V1 didn't have
am not - is not - are not were must - mustn't hadn't to - had to
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Ali did not pass his exams. If only he ----------------------- harder last year. (study)
2. Ziad is not very good at basketball. He wishes he ------------------------- taller! ( be ) 3. We didn't catch the earlier bus. We’re late. If only we ---------------------- the earlier bus. ( catch)
4. Our flat is very small. If only we ---------------------- in a big house. ( live )
5. Jaber isn’t old enough to drive a car. He wishes he -------------------------- older. ( be )
6. I wish I ------------------------------------ English better when I was younger. (learn)
7. I regret that I made an accident. I wish I --------------------- fast. (not drive)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Read the situations and complete the sentences :
1. Sultan forgot to do his Science homework.
If only he -------------------------------------------------------- to do it.
2. Nahla could not find her way round the city very easily.
If only she --------------------------------------------------------- a map.
3. Oh no! I’ve forgotten my library book. I left it at home.
I wish I ------------------------------------------------------------------- .
4. Our team didn’t play very well yesterday.
If only they ------------------------------------------------------- better.
5. I regret going to bed late last night.
I wish I -------------------------------------------------------------earlier.
6. Nader should have been more careful with his essay. He didn’t get a good mark. (wishes)
Nader wishes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 2016
7. I regret living abroad for a long time . (wish )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2016
8. I regret speaking aloud in my class . (wish )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2017
9. Mohammad didn't consult his career advisor, so he felt sorry. (wish )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2017
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Use the prompts and write sentences with ( I wish and If only ).
1. I’m cold. I wish I ------------------------------------------------------------------- . ( bring a coat)
2. We’re late. If only -------------------------------------------------------------------- . ( get up earlier )
3. I feel ill. If only -------------------------------------------------------------------- . ( not eat so many sweets )
4. Fadi has lost his wallet. I wish ------------------------------------------------------ . ( be more careful )
5. Huda was too busy to visit us yesterday. I wish she------------------------------ . ( be able to come )
6. I’ve broken my watch. If only ----------------------------------------------------- . ( not drop it )
7. I am very hungry! I wish I ------------------- before I went to the conference. ( not eat )
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Choose the correct answer :
1. Ziad is not very good at basketball. He wishes he --------- taller! ( is / were / was )
2. I can’t do this exercise. I wish I --------- it. ( understood / understand / understanding)
3. Mr Haddad does not understand the Chinese businessman.
If only he -------------------- Chinese. ( speak / spoke / had spoken)
4. Jordan needs to import a lot of oil.
If only it --------------------------- larger oil reserves. ( has / had / had had )
5. If only I ----------------- lost my ticket! ( haven’t / didn’t / hadn’t )
6. I always have to get home early. I wish my parents ------------------------ me stay out later. 2018
( lets / won't let / would let / will let )
I didn't wake up early and I missed my bus. I wish I ------------------------ early. 2018
( wake up / wakes up / had waken up / have waken up)
27. Conditional Sentences
If Clause - Zero Main Clause حقیقة ثابتة لا تتغیر
Subject + simple present ( a fact ) ( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are ( he , she , it + V-s / es )
(not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't ( I , we , you , they + V1 )
If + S + Simple Present
( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are / (not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't
1. If you boil water , it ------------------------------. (evaporate)
2. If plants ----------------- enough sunlight, they die. (not , get)
3. Water -------------------- to ice if the temperature falls below zero. (turn)
4. If you push this button , the video -------------------- . (play)
5.You get a huge feeling of satisfaction when you know that people --------- everything you translate. (understand)
6.When you --------------------- water to 100°C, it boils. (heat)
7.Do you usually go home or meet your friends when school ---------------- ? (finish)
8.If you ---------------------- the plants, they die. (not water)
9.During Ramadan, we eat when the sun ------------------- . ( set )
10.Ice cream melts when it ----------------------- warm.. ( get)
11.Plants die if they ----------------------------- enough sunlight. (not , get) 2017
21. Rawan always takes her mobile when she -------------------------- ( go out ) 2017
If Clause - I Main Clause محتمل الحدوث
Subject + will / won't ( modals ) + infinitive
'll / will not
be = will be / (not be ) = won't be
If + S + Simple Present
( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are / (not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't
1. provided that - unless - as long as - Even if ولكن المعنى مختلف if ادوات اخرى لھا نفس قاعدة
حتى لو طالما اذا لم – ما لم بشرط ان
1. If Sami studies hard , he ---------------------- all his exams . (pass)
2. If you -------------an interview for a job in pharmaceuticals, you will need to show real enthusiasm for the industry. (get)
3. I’ll buy the book if / provided tha t /as long as it ------------- too expensive. (not be)
4. I --------------------- it if it is too expensive . (not, buy)
5. If Sami studies hard , he ------------------ all his exams . (pass)
6. Unless you have a language degree, you ---------------- able to become an interpreter. (not be)
7. If you get an interview for a job, you ------------------- to show that you have good listening skills. (need)
8. If you are successful, it ---------------------- a secure and rewarding job. (be)
9. When you arrive at the station next Saturday, we ---------------- there to meet you. (be)
10. Nasser will come out with us tomorrow unless he -----------------help his father. ( have to)
11. I ---------------- you with your homework, as long as you help me with mine! ( help)
12. Provided that it ----------------- , we will have a picnic next week. (not rain)
13. If you win the prize, how -------------- you ------------ the money? (spend)
14. Even if Omar ----------- his driving test this afternoon, he won't have his own car. (pass)
15. You will not pass your exams unless you --------------------- hard. (study)
16. Your new computer will last a long time as long as you --------------- careful with it. (be)
17. I ----------------------- you if I miss the bus. (phone)
18. We’ll go to our favourite restaurant on Friday unless it ----------------- closed. ( be )
19. I will take the job offer provided that it------ part-time – I haven’t finished my university studies yet.. ( be)
20. We have to go to school even if we ---------------- tired. ( be)
21. We ------------------ umbrellas if it rains (need)
22. The teacher ----------------- pleased if I write a good essay. (be)
23. Provided that everyone ------------------- hard, we’ll all pass our exams.. (work)
24. Babies --------------------- usually happy unless they’re hungry or cold. (be)
25. We should always be polite even if we --------------------- tired. (feel)
26. Rawan always takes her mobile when she -------------------------- ( go out ) 2017
27. Ali will be upset, If you ------------------------ him to your party. ( not, invite ) 2018
6. You won't get a job in France unless you ---------------------- French.
a. speak b. speaks c. is speaking d. spoke 2018
3. The Third conditional ( Type 3 ) : The third sequence refers to a condition which was not met in the past :
If Clause – Type 3 Main Clause - الخیال
S + would have / could have / might have (not ) + P.P ( V3 )
ربما كان من الممكن - قدرة تاكد ( less sure )
If + S + had + P.P ( V3 )
hadn't + PP (V3)
1. I --------------------------- the job if I had had some experience. (get)
2. If you had done the course, you ------------------------- enough experience to apply for the job. (had)
3. If Huda ------------- ill yesterday, she wouldn’t have missed the exam. ( not be)
4. If my father had gone to university, he -------------------- a teacher. ( can be)
5. Jameel might not have become a musician if his parents ----------------------- him. ( not encourage)
Read the situations and complete the sentences with the third conditional, using the word in brackets.
Sentence ( Fact ) If Clause ( Imagination )
1. If + S + hadn't V3 …..…., S + would / could (might) have + V3
2. If + S + had V3 …….…., S + would / could (might) not + have + V3
3. If + S + had V3 ……..…., S + would / could (might) have + V3
4. If + S + hadn't + V3 …...., S + would / could (might) not + have + V3
1. S + V2 …. , so + didn't + V-inf
2. S + didn't + V-inf , so + V2 ….
3. S + didn't + v-inf , so + didn't + V-inf
4. S + V2 . S + V2
1. Saeed left his camera at home, so he wasn’t able to take pictures of the parade. (could)
If Saeed hadn’t left his camera at home, he could have taken pictures of the parade.
If Saeed hadn’t left his camera at home, he could have been able to take pictures of the parade.
2. I had a headache yesterday, and I didn’t do well in the Maths test. (might)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. I didn’t know your phone number, so I wasn’t able to contact you. (could)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. You had a brightly-coloured T-shirt on. That’s how I noticed you in the crowd. (might not)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. I worked really hard the day before the exam. I got top marks. (might not)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. I didn't stay at home that day, so I didn't miss the celebration. (would)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. My friend invited me to the library, so I went. (would not )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Saleem left his wallet at home, so he wasn’t able to purchase his necessary items. (could) 2016
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. I studied really hard the day before the final exams. I achieved the first rank in my class. (might not) 2016
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. Sami didn't apply immedietly for the scholarship, so he didn't get it . ( if , could ) 2016
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. Marwan worked really hard the day before the exam. He got top marks. ( if / might not) 2017
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12. The company didn't know your phone number, so they weren't able to contact you. ( if / might) 2017
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change the following sentences into facts :
( hadn't + V3 = V2 ) / ( wouldn't , couldn't , mightn't have + V3 = V2 )
( had + V3 = didn't + V-inf. ) / ( would , could , might have + V3 = didn't + V-inf. )
1. If I hadn’t come to this school, I could have taken English.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. If I hadn’t grown up in this city, I might have learnt French.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using "Unless" : ( Unless = If …… not ) ( عدد الافعال المنفیة في جملة السؤال والجواب نفس العدد ( نفي النفي اثبات
Sentence If Clause
1. Unless + S + Vi/Vs …..…., S + won't + V-inf.
2. Unless + S + V1/Vs..…….., S + won't + V-inf.
3. Unless + S + V1/Vs..…….., S + will + V-inf.
1. If + V1/Vs …. , S + will +V-inf
2. If + S+ doesn't/don't + v-inf , S + won't
3. If + S+ doesn't/don't + v-inf , S + will
1. If you study hard, you will pass your exam. Unless ----------------------------------------------------------------------
2. If you don't water the plants, they will die . Unless ----------------------------------------------------------------------
3. If I don't write a good essay, the teacher won't be pleased. Unless ------------------------------------------------------
4. If our team wins the match, they won't leave the stadium. Unless ------------------------------------------------------
6. Unless you study hard, you won't succeed. If ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7. Unless you are clever, you will fail. If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. If I travel a lot, I will buy many things. Even if ----------------------------------------------------------------------
9. I’ll buy the book if it isn’t too expensive. Even if ----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Choose the correct answer :
1. ------------------- you heat water to 100°C, it boils. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
2. You will not pass your exams ----------- you study hard. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
3 . ----------- you don't water the plants, they will die. ( If , unless , when , even if )
4. Do you usually go home or meet your friends -------- school finishes. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
5. Your new computer will last a long time -------you are careful with it. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
6. Ice cream melts -------------it gets warm. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
7. We need umbrellas -------------- it rains. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
8. The teacher will be pleased ----------- I write a good essay. ( if , unless , when , even if )
9. Our team will celebrate --------- they win the match. ( if , unless , when , even if )
10. --------------- everyone works hard, we’ll all pass our exams. (Provided that , Unless , When , Even if )
11. Babies are usually happy --------- they’re hungry or cold. (as long as – provided that – unless – if ) 2018
12. We should always be polite ---------- we feel tired. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
13. During Ramadan, Muslims eat ------------ the sun sets. (as long as , unless , when , even if ) 2018
14. I'll phone you ------------I miss the bus , so that you pick. ( if , unless , when , even if )
15. We'll go out to our favourite restaurant ------------ it's closed. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
16. I'll take the job offer ------ it's part time – I haven't finished my university studies yet (provided that , unless , when , even if )
17. We have to go to school ---------- we're tired. (as long as , unless , when , even if )
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Writing – Using pronouns : Function : We use pronouns as ways to link paragraphs and ideas.
The following advice about preparing for exams was given by our teacher. He should know- as he has taken
so many of them in his life ! He said, "It is not a good idea to study late at night. This is because your brain
is tired then, and it is unlikely to retain the information as well. The best time to study is early in the
morning. That is when you feel most awake."
He : our teacher
Many of them : exams
This : the reason why you shouldn't study late at night
It : the brain
That : early in the morning
The best time to study is early in the morning. That is when you feel most awake. 2016
What is the function of using the pronoun that in the above sentence ? ……………….. link ideas
My computer isn't working. Can you have a look at ------------------------ . 2018
( him , her , it , them )
28 Quantifiers to make comparisons الكمیات لعمل المقارنة
the most X the least
the most X the fewest
more X fewer
more X less
better X worse
farther X nearer
poorer X richer
hotter X colder
later X earlier
longer X shorter
faster X slower
taller X shorter
bigger X smaller
cheaper X more expensive
easier X more difficult
tall ( short adjective ) taller than - (er – than ) The tallest - ( The – est )
expensive ( long adjective ) more expensive than The most expensive
be + as …..adj.…...as / V + as ….adv…as as much / many + ……as
(as ….. as ) الى (more ) - التحویل من
: Ali في بدایة الجملة بدل Ahmad اذا بدأ السؤال بعكس الاسماء اي بوضع : (as ….. as ) الى (more ) - عند التحویل من
- اولا ننفي الفعل الموجود في الجملة :
حسب الفاعل الموجود في بدایة الجملة . doesn't او don't تصبح V +s -es / . وھكذا aren't تصبح are - isn't تصبح is -
ونكمل الجملة كما ھي . as كلمة than ثم نضع مكان كلمة as كلمة more - نضع مكان كلمة
دون اي تغییر في الجملة سوى عكس الاسماء او اقطاب الجملة less الى كلمة more - او نستطیع عند اعادة الكتابة تحویل كلمة
1. Ali's car is more expensive than Ahmad's. ………… Ahmad's car is less expensive than Ali's -
Ahmad's car isn't as expensive as Ali's - 2. Ali plays more quickly than Ahmad . …………………Ahmad plays less quickly than Ali.
Ahmad doesn't play as quickly as Ali
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: (as ….. as ) الى ( er ) - التحویل من صفة مضاف لھا
: Ali في بدایة الجملة بدل Ahmad اذا بدأ السؤال بعكس الاسماء اي بوضع : (as ….. as ) الى (er ) - عند التحویل من
- اولا ننفي الفعل الموجود في الجملة :
V +s -es / . وھكذا aren't تصبح are - isn't تصبح is -
ونكمل الجملة كما ھي . as كلمة than المضافة للصفة ثم نضع مكان كلمة er بدل as - نضع كلمة
- او نستطیع عند اعادة الكتابة تحویل الصفة بان نحضر عكسھا دون اي تغییر في الجملة سوى عكس الاسماء او اقطاب الجملة
2. Ali is taller than Ahmad . ……………………………..Ahmad is shorter than Ali .
Ahmad isn't as tall as Ali
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: ( more ) الى (as ….. as ) - التحویل من
: Omar في بدایة الجملة بدل Ahmad اذا بدأ السؤال بعكس الاسماء اي بوضع : (more ) الى (as ….. as ) - عند التحویل من
- اولا : الفعل الموجود في الجملة منفي یصبح مثبت ::
.V +s -es تحذف تحذف ونعید الفعل بعد ھما الى doesn't او don't / . وھكذا are تصبح aren't - is تصبح isn't -
ونكمل الجملة كما ھي . than كلمة as ثم نضع مكان كلمة more كلمة as - نضع مكان كلمة
دون اي تغییر في الجملة سوى عكس الاسماء او اقطاب الجملة less الى كلمة not as - او نستطیع عند اعادة الكتابة تحویل كلمة
1. Omar is not as generous as Ahmad……….. ………… Ahmad is more generous than Omar.
Omar is less generous than Ahmad . 3. Ali doesn't play as quickly as Omar. ……………..……Omar plays more quickly than Ali.
Ali plays less quickly than Omar.
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: ( er ) الى (as ….. as ) - التحویل من
: Ali في بدایة الجملة بدل Omar اذا بدأ السؤال بعكس الاسماء اي بوضع : (er ) الى (as ….. as ) - عند التحویل من
- اولا ننفي الفعل الموجود في الجملة :
وھكذا . are تصبح aren't - is تصبح isn't -
ونكمل الجملة كما ھي . than كلمة as الموجودة قبل الصفة ثم نضع مكان كلمة as ونحذف er - نضیف للصفة
- او نستطیع عند اعادة الكتابة بتحویل الصفة بان نحضر عكسھا دون اي تغییر في الجملة سوى عكس الاسماء او اقطاب الجملة
2. Ali isn't as tall as Omar. .. …………………………….. Omar is taller than Ali.
Ali is shorter than Omar.
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: ( as many ) و (as much ) استخدام
لا نغیر شیئ في الجملة ولا نبدل الاسماء ولكن ننفي الفعل قبل كلمة المقارنة : ( fewer – less ) على ( as much ) - (as many ) اذا دخلت
1. There are fewer houses in my village than in their village . ( as many )
There aren't as many houses in my village as in their village .
2. Ali has less water than Omar. ( as much ) Ali doesn't have as much water as Omar .
نبدل الاسماء وننفي الفعل قبل كلمة المقارنة : ( more ) على ( as much ) - (as many ) اذا دخلت
1. My brother eats more fast food than me . ( as much ) I don't eat as much fast food as my brother .
2. There are more people in Amman than in Zarka . ( as many ) There aren't as many people in Zarka as in Amman .
Rewrite the following sentences with ones that have similar meanings :
1. There is less information on the website than in the book. (as much)
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2. The cheapest thing on the menue is orange juice.
The least -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Neither Maths nor Science are as popular as English.
English --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Jordanian children start school a year later than English children.
English children -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Studying physics is not as popular as studying Biology in Britain .
Studying Biology -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. The electronic newspapers are not as acceptable as the ordinary ones.
The ordinary newspapers -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Not as many people applied for Law in 2014 CE as in 2013 CE.
In 2013 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. 11 % more people applied for Engineering in 2014 CE than in 2013 CE.
Not as many people ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. No subject is more difficult than Physics.
Physics ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. I don't eat as much fast food as my brother.
My brother -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. I can't run as fast as you .
You can -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. I haven't got as much homework as my brother.
My brother -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. There are not as many people in our class as yours .
There are more ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. I don't like running as much as I like swimming.
I like -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. Students don't like doing Music and Art as much as they like doing Maths.
Students like --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Editing :
Imagine you are an editor in the Jordan Times. You are asked to edit the following lines that have four mistakes ( one
grammar mistake, one punctuation mistake and two spelling mistakes.) Find out these four mistakes and correct them.
1. b-p / c-k / j-g / s-t / i-e / s-z / o-u / f-v ركز على تبدیل الحروف التالیة في الكلمات
2.Capital letter , comma, full stop, question mark ( a-A / , / ? / : / ; )
3. One grammar mistake . (will have helped = will help)
Edit the following text. There are two grammar mistakes and three spelling mistakes. Find and correct them.
1. ------------------------------ 2. --------------------------- 3. --------------------------- 4. -------------------------
1. ------------------------------ 2. --------------------------- 3. --------------------------- 4. -------------------------
Edit the following text . There are two grammar mistakes and three punctuation mistakes
These days, many classrooms used a whitebourd as a computer screen. as a consequence, teachers can
show websites on the board in front of the class. Teachers can then use the internet to show educasional
programmes.
In the near future, a new ‘bionic eye’ will have helped people with failing eyesite to see again. A devise
inside the eye picks up an image from a small camera attached to a pair of sunglasses and send it to the
brian, which interprets it as vision.
Scientists will say that exercise is not only important for general fitness ; but that it also good for the brain , it helped
us concentrate better ? As a result , we perform better in exams .
Complete each of the following sentences :
منسوجات یدعم معدات صناعي امراض
( ailments - artificial - equipment - fund - textile )
1. My sister wants to be a fashion designer and work with ----------------------- .
2. Before the boys go climbing, they will go to a special shop to buy all the ------------------ that they need.
3. Old people tend to suffer from more -------------------- than younger people.
4. My parents have saved enough money to ------------------- our university courses.
Answers : 1. textile 2. equipment 3. ailments 4. Fund
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