الثقافات المهنية – الصناعي والاقتصاد المنزلي
Vocabulary
Arabic Collocations Arabic Collocations
أثار الكربون carbon footprint المواصلات العامة public transport
النفايات البيولوجية biological waste التخطيط العمراني urban planning
الاثار السلبية negative effect النمو الاقتصادي economic growth
نفايات بيولوجية انبعاث الكربون نمو اقتصادي اثار سلبية تخطيط عمراني نقل عام
Public transport - Urban planning - Negative effect - Economic growth - Carbon footprint - Biological waste
1. When people talk about ---------------------------------, they can mean either an improvement in the average standard of living, or an increase in the value of a country’s products.
2. Pollution has some serious ---------------------------- on the environment, such as the death of wildlife and plant life.
3. We can all work hard to reduce our -------------------------------- by living a more environmentally-friendly lifestyle.
4. If we take -------------- more often, there will be fewer cars on the roads, which will result in cleaner air in our cities.
5. Hospitals need to dispose of a lot of ----------------, and it should be carefully managed because it can be dangerous.
6. The need for more effective ----------------------------- is evident when we consider modern day problems like traffic.
Answers: 1. economic growth 2. negative effects 3. carbon footprint 4. public transport 5. biological waste 6. urban planning
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Arabic Collocations Arabic Collocations
ينضم الى شركة join - a company يرتكب خطأ make - a mistake
يسبب اساءة cause - offence يسأل اسئلة ask - questions
يعمل حديث قصير make - small talk يصافح shake - hands
(take a course) ( drop a course) (get a job) يكسب الاحترام earn - respect
1. Be very careful when you answer the questions, and try not to -------------------.
2. If you are polite, you won’t ----------------------------or upset anybody.
3. Before the serious discussion starts, we always ------------------------- ; it’s often about the weather!
4. Nasser has applied to ---------------------- the-------------------------- where his father works.
5. In business, when you meet someone for the first time, it’s polite to------------------------------.
6. After the talk, there will be a chance for you to------------------------- about anything you don’t understand.
7. By working hard, you will------------------------ the ----------------------------of your boss.
Answers : 1 make a mistake 2 cause offense 3 make small talk 4 join , company 5. shake hands 6. ask questions 7. earn, respect
يأتي السؤال على المتلازمات بالطرق التالية :
1. Choose the correct answer :
( ask questions / shake hands / make a mistake / cause offence )
Be very careful when you answer the questions, and try not to --------------. make a mistake
2. Replace the underlined misused word to make the correct collocation :
If you are polite, you won’t cause respect or upset anybody. offense
3. Replace the underlined misused collocation with the correct one :
In business, when you meet someone for the first time, it’s polite to cause offense . shake hands
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Arabic Arabic
يسال عن ask about يعمل ك work as
جيد في good at يقرر decide on
يتحدث عن talk about يترجم الى translate into
Complete the sentences from the box.
( about - as - at - in - into - on - about )
1. Would you like to work ---------------------- a teacher in a big school?
2. We need to decide -----------------------a place to meet. ( as - on - at - into ) 2018
3. Can you translate this Arabic ----------------------- English for me, please?
4. I’d like to talk ----------------------------- the film I’ve just seen; it was brilliant!
5. The teacher asked us ------------------------our favourite books.
6. My sister is really good ----------------- drawing and painting . ( as - on - at - into ) 2019
Answers : 1. as 2. on 3. into 4. about 5. about 6. at
1
Derivation
( adj + noun + verb + adverb + adjective + noun )
fy ed en ize ise ate verb
er / or ist / isme ing / dom gy / ure ency ence ment ity / age ion / ness noun
ic able ible ous ful ent ant ive al adjective
ly adverb
Verbs الافعال Nouns الاسماء
1. After ( to ) 1. After: ( a / an / the ) :
2. After prepositions ( in / on / of / at / with / for / by / from / without )
2.After : ( always / usually / often / seldom / rarely / sometimes / never ) 3. After the possessives ( 's / s' )
4. After : ( my / his / her / their / your / our / its )
3. After ( would rather / had better / let / make / help ) 5. After adjectives :
6. After numbers : cardinal ( one ) or ordinal ( first ) :
4. After the ( verbs to do ) : ( do / does / did ) 7. After the words ( this / these / that / those )
8. After ( much / many / few / some / any / little / more )
5. After ( will / would / shall / should / may / might / can / could / must ) 9. At the beginning of the sentence as subjects
10. After ( No )
6. Between the subject and the object = ( N + V + N ) 11. After : (need) – (cause) – (keep) – (see )
Adverbs الحال / الظرف Adjectives الصفات
1. Adverbs describe verbs 1. Adjectives describe nouns
2. We use the adverbs before adjectives : ( be + ly ) 2. After ( verb to be )
3. Adverbs ( without verbs ) Suddenly , he began to drive slowly 3. After adverbs ( adverb + adjective )
4. " verb " + ( very / too / so / quite ) 4. " be " + ( as adj as )
5. " verb " + ( as adv as ) 5. " be " + ( very / too / so / quite / a bit / absolutely / extremely )
6. subject + ly + verb
am – is – are + -------ly------ + V3 / am – is – are + V3 + ----ly----- 6. After these verbs ( look / feel / sound / seem / become / find / taste / smell / get / turn )
has / have + -------ly------ + V3 / has / have + V3 + ------ly----- After ( be + more / the most )
Arabic Adjective Noun Verb Arabic Adjective Noun Verb
يروي irrigation irrigate دواء – طبly- medical medicine
يترجم Translation – … tor translate تسعة ninth nine
يرث inheritable inheritance inherit عادةly - traditional tradition
يعلمly - educational education educate اصلly - original origin
يترجم translator translation translate ثقافة cultural culture
يجذبly - attractive attraction attract رئيسي major majority
يبدع – يخلقly creative creation create رؤياly - visual vision
يجمعly - collective collection collect دواء – طبly- medical medicine
يقدرly - appreciative appreciation appreciate سرطان cancerous cancer
يشغلly - operational operation operate افراط وزن obese obesity
يحيك weaving / weaver weave متاح viable viability
ينجحly - successful success succeed استدامة sustainable sustainability
ينتجly - productive production -product produce يؤثر influential influence
يتوقع expectant expectancy expect سرطان cancerous cancer
يخترع invention/ inventor invent وفيات- ly mortal mortality
يكتشف discoverable discovery /discoverer discover اختياري optional option
ينوي intended intention intend تقليديly - conventional convention
يعالج remedial remedy remedy علم الاثارly-
عالم اثار archaeological Archaeology
archaeologist
يختلف variable variation vary يركب installation install
ينتقد critic criticism criticise viablyمتاح viable viability
يرسل accessible access يتوقع expectancy expect
يعتمد على reliant on rely on سمعة reputation repute
يؤهل qualified qualification qualify يلقح inoculation inoculate
يحصن-يلقح immune immunisation immunise يركب installation install
2
Complete the sentences with words formed from the words in brackets.
1. The Middle East is famous for the --------------------------- of olive oil. (produce - productive - production)
2. Ibn Sina wrote ------------------------- textbooks. (medicine - medical - medically)
3. Fatima al-Fihri was born in the ---------------------- century. (nine – ninth )
4. My father bought our house with an ---------------------------- from his grandfather. (inherit – inherited - inheritance)
5. Scholars have discovered an ------------------- ------- document from the twelfth century. (origin – original – originally )
6. Do you think the wheel was the most important ------------------------------- ever? (invention – invented - invent )
7. Al-Kindi made many important mathematical ------------------------------. (discover – discoveries – discoverer )
8. Who was the most -------------------------- writer of the twentieth century? (influence – influent – influential )
9. The Giralda Tower was ----------------------- a minaret. ( origin – original – originally )
10. The --------------------- system must be linked with …… (education – educate – educational )
11. Jordan has a ------------------ of being a friendly and welcoming country. (repute – reputation )
12. The ----------------------of oil made some countries rich. (discover – discovery – discoverer )
13. Developing ---------------------- thinking is being encouraged at schools in Jordan. (create - creative – creation )
14. When we go to on school trips, we always learn new things because the trips are --------- . (education – educational - educate)
15. Sheep’s wool, and goat and camel hair are used by Bedouin tribes to --------- rugs. ( product – production - productive)
16. There is a particular Bedouin style of -------------------------- . (weave – weaver - weaving)
17. There is a particular Bedouin style of weaving that buyers find very --------------- . (attraction – attractive – attract ).
18. The craft that is practiced in Madaba is the ----------------------- of ceramic items. (creative – creation – create )
19. Maha shows great --------------------------- for her new job as a lawyer . (enthusiasm - enthusiastic - enthusiastically )
20. I will be going to university to continue my -----------------------------. (education / educate / educational)
21- Another way of saying that something could be successful is to say it is ------------. ( viable / viably / viability ) 2018
22- --------------------, a man proposes to a woman, not the other way round. ( Tradition / Traditional / Tradirionally)
23- Artists usually meets to discuss ideas and --------------- each other's work. ( criticise / criticism / critic ) 2018
24- Madaba has a ------------------ as a fascinating place to visit . ( reputation / reputational / reputationally ) 2018
25- Khalid received an ----------------- letter from the manager for his hard work. ( appreciate / appreciation / appreciatively )
26- Manal always presents her ---------------- work in literature clearly. ( create / creative / creatively ) 2018
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1. Before you apply for a job, check that you have the correct --------------. (qualify - qualified - qualification )
2. The company is pleased with your work and is happy to give you a------------. (recommend - recommended - recommendation)
3. Congratulations on a very------------------ business deal. (succeed - success - successful )
4. We should always be ready to listen to good ------------------- (advise - advice - advisable)
5. My father often talks about what he did in his -------------------. (young - youth)
6. It’s important to have an ------------------ of different countries’ customs (aware - awareness )
7. The graduation ceremony was a very ---------- occasion for everyone. (memory - memorise - memorable)
8. Nuts contain useful ------------------------ such as oils and fats. (nutritious - nutrition - nutrients )
9. I'm confused. Could you give me some ----------------------, please ? (advisable - advice - advise )
10. Kareem is a -------- journalist, he has worked previously for many scientific journals. (qualification - qualify - qualified )
11. Doing lots of exercise won't keep you healthy if you don't eat ----------- food as well. (nutrients - nutritious - nutrition ) 2016
12. Khalid is a very --------- and adabtable worker, I believe that he can be successful in any position. (competence - compete - competent )
13. In the Middle East today, entrepreneurship is ------------------ important. (particular - particularly )
14. It is important because of the --------------------- job market. ( compete – competent - competence )
15. It is important to give young people the ----------------- so that they can help themselves. ( know – known - knowledge )
16. If they cannot find jobs, they can create their own and then, ---------, generate jobs for others. ( ideal - ideally )
17. --------------------- have been set up. ( organize – organized - organisation )
18. Language ------------ is becoming an important requirement for many jobs. (proficient - proficiency ) 2017
19. My grandfather often tells us about what he did in his ----------------- . ( young - youth ) 2017
20. Olives which are----------- grown in the world, have been cultivated for over 6.000 years. ( extend - extensive - extensively ) 2017
38. It is important to have an ----------- of different countries' customs. ( aware - awareness ) 2017
39. Maha shows great -------------- for her new job as a lawyer in the court . ( enthusiasm , enthusiastic , enthusiastically ) 2018
50. Hospitals have a ---------------- to provide the best medical care. ( commit - committed - commitment ) 2019
51. ------------, the process of producing rugs is done by hand. (Tradition - Traditional - Traditionally) 2019
3
Guided Writing
Mahmoud Darwish Name
1942 - 2008 Date (born and died)
Poet and author Profession
- Leaves of Olives and Wingless Birds Achievements
Mahmoud Darwish, who was a poet and an author, was born in 1942 and died in 2008. There are many achievements for Mahmoud Darwish such as "Leaves of Olives and Wingless Birds".
( He wrote " Leaves of Olives and Wingless Birds.")
Najeeb Mahfouth Name
Cairo , 1911 Place/ Date of birth
Cairo, 2006 Place/ date of death
Novelist Proffession
- Awarded the Nobel Prize for literature
- Father of modern Arabic Literature Achievements
Najeeb Mahfouth, who was a novelist, was born in Cairo in 1911 and died in Cairo in 2006. He was awarded Nabel Prize for Literature and considered (called ) the father of modern Arabic Literature.
Ibn Bassal Name
11th century BC Date
AlAndalus Location
Writer, scientists, engineer Profession
Botany and agriculture interests
A book of agriculture – water pumps – irrigation system achievements
Advice and instructions to farmers legacy
Ibn Bassal , who lived in AlAndalus in the eleventh century, was a writer , a scientist and an engineer. He was interested in botany and agriculture , so he made many achievements such as writing a book about agriculture and designing water pumps and irrigation systems. Ibn Bassal's legacy was great because all the farmers followed his advice and instructions.
Write two sentences about Qasir Bashir
Jordanian Desert Location
beginning of the 4th century Date of construction
protection of the Roman borders Purpose of building
huge towers, 23 rooms Description of the building
Qasir Bashir , which is located in the Jordanian Desert, was built / constructed at the beginning of the 4th century. It was built to protect the Roman borders. Also, it has huge towers and twenty-three rooms.
Giralda Tower
Seville, Spain location
over 104 metres Height
a minaret originally
Jabir Ibn Aflah designer
The Giralda Tower, which is one of the most important buildings in Seville, Spain, stands at just over 104 metres tall. It was originally a minaret and the person who is believed to be responsible for the design was Jabir Ibn Aflah.
Curriculum Vitae السيرة
Emad Abu Alzumar He is Emad Abu Alzumar Name
Hitten Camp , Marka He lives in Hitten Camp , Marka Contact details
degree in English (1990 CE) He has a degree in English in 1990 CE. Qualification
teacher of English,– 19990 – now He has worked as a teacher of English since 1990. Work experience
dedicated, ambitious worker. He is a dedicated and ambitious worker. Personal attributes
Won the Distinguished teacher Award He won the Distinguished teacher Award in 2016. Skills and achievements
This CV is about Emad Abu Alzumar. He lives in Hitten Camp , Marka. He has a degree in English in 1990 CE. He has worked as a teacher of English since 1990. He is a dedicated and ambitious worker. He won the Distinguished teacher Award in 2016.
4
Reasons that make people leave their home countries
- seek better life
- complete education
- find better jobs
- learn about different cultures
There are many reasons that make people leave their home countries such as seeking better life and completing their education, too. Also, another reason is finding better jobs and learning about different cultures.
What should happen to motorists who break the speed limits ?
Ban from driving
Fine for driving fast
Put in prison
There are many things that should happen to motorists who break the speed limits such as banning them from driving and fining them for driving fast, too. . Also , another thing is putting them in prison.
How to improve your English language ?
Listen to English programs
Read English newspapers and magazines
Join English courses regularly
There are many ways to improve your English language such as listening to English programs and reading newspapers and magazines, too. Also, another way is joining English courses regularly to improve your English language.
Why do people use the internet websites ?
Buy goods
Book holidays
Pay bills
There are many reasons that make people use the internet websites such as buying goods and booking holidays, too. . In addition, another reason is paying bills.
Characteristics of traditional education ……
- students attend classes in person
- students have more opportunities to join clubs
- students need more guidance and more direct contact with teachers
- students attend classes in a specific time and in a specific location
There are many characteristics of traditional education . For example, students attend classes in person and in a specific time and in a specific location. In addition, they have more opportunities to join clubs and they need more guidance and more direct contact with teachers.
Goods that Jordan imports and exports
imports Exports
- oil
- gas
- wheat - phosphate
- Potash
- Pharmaceuticals
There are many goods that Jordan exports such as Phosphate, potash and Pharmaceuticals. On the other hand, there are many goods that Jordan imports such as oil, gas and wheat.
Benefits of doing an internship …..
- developing professional skills.
- increasing self-confidence in the workplace.
- having personal growth experiences.
- improving social relationships
2017
There are many reasons of doing an intership such as developing professional skills, increasing self-confidence in the workplace and having personal growth experience. Also another benefit is improving personal relationships.
5
1. Cleft Sentences :
Sami (who) studied English (which) in Amman (where) in 1996. (when ) ( in which)
The person who --------------------------------------------------------------- ( is – was ) + Sami
The thing which ------------------------------------------------------------- ( is – was ) + a car
The place where ------------------------------------------------------------- ( is – was ) + Amman
The time / year / day when ------------------------------------------------ ( is – was ) + yesterday
The way in which ------- / The reason why ----------
Sami ( is– was ) the person who
English ( is– was ) the thing which / that
باقي الجملة باستثناء الجزء المكتوب / المحدد Amman ( is – was ) the place where +
1996 ( is –was ) the time when
It ( is –was –) Sami who
It ( is –was –) English which
باقي الجملة باستثناء الجزء المكتوب / المحدد It ( is –was –) Amman where ( that ) +
It ( is –was –) 1996 when
الاسم المحدد What + ------------------------------------------------------------ + ( is - was ) +
1. He has written many books , but his final book made him famous all over the world .
He has written many books, but it -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The Olympic Games were held in London in 2012 CE.
The event -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
The time -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. The Egyptians built the pyramids.
It ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. The Great Mosque in Cordoba was built in 784 CE by Abd al-Rahman I. ( passive)
The person ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. I would like to go to London next year.
What -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Queen Rania opened the Children’s Museum of Jordan in 2007 CE.
It was ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Petra was made a World Heritage Site in 1985 CE.
The year-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. It stopped working at 11 p.m.
It was-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. My father has influenced me most.
The person----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. I like Geography most of all.
The subject----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. The heat made the journey unpleasant.
It was-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. The first athletic event for disabled athletes took place in 1948 CE.
The year ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2016
13. Taha Hussein is especially famous for his work in literature .
It is ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2016
14. Petra was made a World Heritage Site in 1985 CE.
The year ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2017
15. My neighbours' generosity impresses me more than anything else.
The thing that ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2017
16. The Second World War ended in 1945 in Europe .
The year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018
17. I would like to visit Petra next month.
What ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018
6
2. Relative Clauses : ( who / which / that / where / when / whose )
Defining clauses : Necessary to the meaning of the sentence . e.g. : There are many animals which have four legs.
Non-defining clauses : Add extra information - Not necessary - ( has a comma after the main clause . )
e.g. : Ali , who lives in Aqaba , is my friend .
Sentences Relative words
-I told you about the man who lives next door .2019
-The man who lives next door is my friend. 1. Who : Ahmad , Salma , the person , the man , the scientist
-Do you see the tiger which is lying on the roof ?
-The tiger which is lying on the roof is dangerous. 2. which / that : the thing , the car , the lion , the event
-I met the man whose daughter is a doctor.
-The car whose colour is red is beautiful. 3. whose : the man whose + n / the car whose + n
-The city where we met Ali is very beautiful .
-Amman which is in Jordan is beautiful 4. Where : the place where / Amman where + n +v / Amman which + V
I remember the day when we entered the school. 5. When : the time / year / day / period / week
1. London is a huge city. It’s the capital of the UK.
London--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The Giralda tower stands 104 metres tall. It is one of the most important buildings in spain.
The Giralda Tower, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Ibn Sina's friends advised him to relax. They were worried about his health.
Ibn Sina's friends, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. The man was happy. His son graduated last year.
The man -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. The students ----------------- cleaned the street are from our school. ( which - who - when - whose ) 2018
5. The prize ------------------------- Huda won last year was for Art . ( when - where - which - who ) 2018
6. The person ----------------- has influenced me most is my father. ( which - who - when - whose ) 2019
7. The country ------------- Jabir Ibn Hayyan did his research was Iraq. ( which - who - when - where ) 2019
8. The person ------------- won the prize for art last year was Huda. ( which - who - when - where ) 2019
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3 Wish = If only
Wish – If only : ( express regrets about the past ) Rule
I slept too long. I wish I hadn't slept….
V2 ------------------------------------------------- hadn't + V3
I didn't do ……. If only I had done …. didn't + V-inf. ---------------------------------- had + V3
I wasn't successful. I wish I had been …. wasn't – weren't ---------------------------------- had been
Wish – If only : ( express wishes about the present ) Rule
We live in a small flat I wish we didn't live ……
V1 / V-s --------------------------------------- didn't + V-inf.
I don't know the answer. I wish I knew the answer. don't / doesn't + V-inf. --------------------------------- V2
He is far from here. He wishes he weren't far
He is not tall enough. He wishes he were taller. am / is / are ----------------------------------------- weren't
am not / isn't / aren't ----------------------------------- were
I regret being angry -------- I wish I hadn't been angry.
I regret not being happy. ---- I wish I had been happy.
He should have been careful. – He wishes he had been ….
He shouldn't have been careless. He wishes he hadn't been ..
regret + V-ing ---------------------------------- hadn't + V3
regret + not + V-ing --------------------------- had + V3
should have + V3 ------------------------------ had + V3
shouldn't have + V3 --------------------------- hadn't + V3
تحويل الافعال
could can't couldn't can
would won't wouldn't will
hadn't + V3 have + V3 / has + V3 weren't am - is - are
didn't have to have to / has to = V1 didn't + inf. V1 / Vs-es
didn't have have / has = V1 weren't am - is - are
hadn't to - had to must - mustn't were am not - is not - are not
7
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Ali did not pass his exams. If only he ----------------------- harder last year. (study)
2. Ziad is not very good at basketball. He wishes he ------------------------- taller! ( be )
3. We didn't catch the earlier bus. We’re late. If only we ---------------------- the earlier bus. ( catch)
4. Our flat is very small. If only we ---------------------- in a big house. ( live )
5. Jaber isn’t old enough to drive a car. He wishes he -------------------------- older. ( be )
6. I wish I ------------------------------------ English better when I was younger. (learn)
7. I regret that I made an accident. I wish I --------------------- fast. (not drive)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Read the situations and complete the sentences :
1. Sultan forgot to do his Science homework.
If only he -------------------------------------------------------- to do it.
2. Nahla could not find her way round the city very easily.
If only she --------------------------------------------------------- a map.
3. Oh no! I’ve forgotten my library book. I left it at home.
I wish I ------------------------------------------------------------------- .
4. Our team didn’t play very well yesterday.
If only they ------------------------------------------------------- better.
5. I regret going to bed late last night.
I wish I -------------------------------------------------------------earlier.
6. Nader should have been more careful with his essay. He didn’t get a good mark. (wishes)
Nader wishes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 2016
7. I regret living abroad for a long time . (wish )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2016
8. I regret speaking aloud in my class . (wish )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2017
9. Mohammad didn't consult his career advisor, so he felt sorry. (wish )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2017
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Use the prompts and write sentences with ( I wish and If only ).
1. I’m cold. I wish I ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . ( bring a coat)
2. We’re late. If only -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . ( get up earlier )
3. I feel ill. If only -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . ( not eat so many sweets )
4. Fadi has lost his wallet. I wish ------------------------------------------------------------------ . ( be more careful )
5. Huda was too busy to visit us yesterday. I wish she------------------------------------------ . ( be able to come )
6. I’ve broken my watch. If only ----------------------------------------------------------------- . ( not drop it )
7. I am very hungry! I wish I ------------------------------------ before I went to the conference. ( not eat )
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Choose the correct answer :
1. Ziad is not very good at basketball. He wishes he --------- taller! ( is / were / was )
2. I can’t do this exercise. I wish I --------- it. ( understood / understand / understanding)
3. Mr Haddad does not understand the Chinese businessman.
If only he -------------------- Chinese. ( speak / spoke / had spoken)
4. Jordan needs to import a lot of oil.
If only it --------------------------- larger oil reserves. ( has / had / had had )
5. If only I ----------------- lost my ticket! ( haven’t / didn’t / hadn’t )
6. I always have to get home early. I wish my parents ------------------------ me stay out later. 2018
( lets / won't let / would let / will let )
I didn't wake up early and I missed my bus. I wish I ------------------------ early. 2018
( wake up / wakes up / had waken up / have waken up)
7. We are late . If only we ------------------ the earlier bus. ( catch / hadn't caught / had caught ) 2019
8
27. Conditional Sentences
حقيقة ثابتة لا تتغير Main Clause If Clause - Zero
Subject + simple present ( a fact ) ( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are ( he , she , it + V-s / es )
(not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't ( I , we , you , they + V1 ) If + S + Simple Present
( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are / (not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't
1. If you boil water , it ------------------------------. (evaporate)
2. If plants ----------------- enough sunlight, they die. (not , get)
3. Water -------------------- to ice if the temperature falls below zero. (turn)
4. If you push this button , the video -------------------- . (play)
5.You get a huge feeling of satisfaction when you know that people --------- everything you translate. (understand)
6.When you --------------------- water to 100°C, it boils. (heat)
7.Do you usually go home or meet your friends when school ---------------- ? (finish)
8.If you ---------------------- the plants, they die. (not water)
9.During Ramadan, we eat when the sun ------------------- . ( set )
10.Ice cream melts when it ----------------------- warm.. ( get)
11.Plants die if they ----------------------------- enough sunlight. (not , get) 2017
21. Rawan always takes her mobile when she -------------------------- ( go out ) 2017
محتمل الحدوث Main Clause If Clause - I
Subject + will / won't ( modals ) + infinitive
'll / will not
be = will be / (not be ) = won't be If + S + Simple Present
( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are / (not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't
ادوات اخرى لها نفس قاعدة if ولكن المعنى مختلف 1. provided that - unless - as long as - Even if
حتى لو طالما اذا لم – ما لم بشرط ان
1. If Sami studies hard , he ---------------------- all his exams . (pass)
2. If you -------------an interview for a job in pharmaceuticals, you will need to show real enthusiasm for the industry. (get)
3. I’ll buy the book if / provided tha t /as long as it ------------- too expensive. (not be)
4. I --------------------- it if it is too expensive . (not, buy)
5. If Sami studies hard , he ------------------ all his exams . (pass)
6. Unless you have a language degree, you ---------------- able to become an interpreter. (not be)
7. If you get an interview for a job, you ------------------- to show that you have good listening skills. (need)
8. If you are successful, it ---------------------- a secure and rewarding job. (be)
9. If you arrive at the station next Saturday, we ---------------- there to meet you. (be)
10. Nasser will come out with us tomorrow unless he -----------------help his father. ( have to)
11. I ---------------- you with your homework, as long as you help me with mine! ( help)
12. Provided that it ----------------- , we will have a picnic next week. (not rain)
13. If you win the prize, how -------------- you ------------ the money? (spend)
14. Even if Omar ----------- his driving test this afternoon, he won't have his own car. (pass)
15. You will not pass your exams unless you --------------------- hard. (study)
16. Your new computer will last a long time as long as you --------------- careful with it. (be)
17. I ----------------------- you if I miss the bus. (phone)
18. We’ll go to our favourite restaurant on Friday unless it ----------------- closed. ( be )
19. I will take the job offer provided that it------ part-time – I haven’t finished my university studies yet.. ( be)
20. We have to go to school even if we ---------------- tired. ( be)
21. We ------------------ umbrellas if it rains (need)
22. The teacher ----------------- pleased if I write a good essay. (be)
23. Provided that everyone ------------------- hard, we’ll all pass our exams.. (work)
24. Babies --------------------- usually happy unless they’re hungry or cold. (be)
(feel) 25. We should always be polite even if we --------------------- tired.
26. Rawan always takes her mobile when she -------------------------- ( go out ) 2017
27. Ali will be upset, If you ------------------------ him to your party. ( not, invite ) 2018
6. You won't get a job in France unless you ---------------------- French.
a. speak b. speaks c. is speaking d. spoke 2018
9
3. The Third conditional ( Type 3 ) : The third sequence refers to a condition which was not met in the past :
الخيال - Main Clause If Clause – Type 3
S + would have / could have / might have (not ) + P.P ( V3 )
( less sure ) ربما كان من الممكن - قدرة تاكد If + S + had + P.P ( V3 )
hadn't + PP (V3)
1. I --------------------------- the job if I had had some experience. (get)
2. If you had done the course, you ------------------------- enough experience to apply for the job. (had)
3. If Huda ------------- ill yesterday, she wouldn’t have missed the exam. ( not be)
4. If my father had gone to university, he -------------------- a teacher. ( can be)
5. Jameel might not have become a musician if his parents ----------------------- him. ( not encourage)
Vocabulary
Arabic Collocations Arabic Collocations
أثار الكربون carbon footprint المواصلات العامة public transport
النفايات البيولوجية biological waste التخطيط العمراني urban planning
الاثار السلبية negative effect النمو الاقتصادي economic growth
نفايات بيولوجية انبعاث الكربون نمو اقتصادي اثار سلبية تخطيط عمراني نقل عام
Public transport - Urban planning - Negative effect - Economic growth - Carbon footprint - Biological waste
1. When people talk about ---------------------------------, they can mean either an improvement in the average standard of living, or an increase in the value of a country’s products.
2. Pollution has some serious ---------------------------- on the environment, such as the death of wildlife and plant life.
3. We can all work hard to reduce our -------------------------------- by living a more environmentally-friendly lifestyle.
4. If we take -------------- more often, there will be fewer cars on the roads, which will result in cleaner air in our cities.
5. Hospitals need to dispose of a lot of ----------------, and it should be carefully managed because it can be dangerous.
6. The need for more effective ----------------------------- is evident when we consider modern day problems like traffic.
Answers: 1. economic growth 2. negative effects 3. carbon footprint 4. public transport 5. biological waste 6. urban planning
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Arabic Collocations Arabic Collocations
ينضم الى شركة join - a company يرتكب خطأ make - a mistake
يسبب اساءة cause - offence يسأل اسئلة ask - questions
يعمل حديث قصير make - small talk يصافح shake - hands
(take a course) ( drop a course) (get a job) يكسب الاحترام earn - respect
1. Be very careful when you answer the questions, and try not to -------------------.
2. If you are polite, you won’t ----------------------------or upset anybody.
3. Before the serious discussion starts, we always ------------------------- ; it’s often about the weather!
4. Nasser has applied to ---------------------- the-------------------------- where his father works.
5. In business, when you meet someone for the first time, it’s polite to------------------------------.
6. After the talk, there will be a chance for you to------------------------- about anything you don’t understand.
7. By working hard, you will------------------------ the ----------------------------of your boss.
Answers : 1 make a mistake 2 cause offense 3 make small talk 4 join , company 5. shake hands 6. ask questions 7. earn, respect
يأتي السؤال على المتلازمات بالطرق التالية :
1. Choose the correct answer :
( ask questions / shake hands / make a mistake / cause offence )
Be very careful when you answer the questions, and try not to --------------. make a mistake
2. Replace the underlined misused word to make the correct collocation :
If you are polite, you won’t cause respect or upset anybody. offense
3. Replace the underlined misused collocation with the correct one :
In business, when you meet someone for the first time, it’s polite to cause offense . shake hands
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Arabic Arabic
يسال عن ask about يعمل ك work as
جيد في good at يقرر decide on
يتحدث عن talk about يترجم الى translate into
Complete the sentences from the box.
( about - as - at - in - into - on - about )
1. Would you like to work ---------------------- a teacher in a big school?
2. We need to decide -----------------------a place to meet. ( as - on - at - into ) 2018
3. Can you translate this Arabic ----------------------- English for me, please?
4. I’d like to talk ----------------------------- the film I’ve just seen; it was brilliant!
5. The teacher asked us ------------------------our favourite books.
6. My sister is really good ----------------- drawing and painting . ( as - on - at - into ) 2019
Answers : 1. as 2. on 3. into 4. about 5. about 6. at
1
Derivation
( adj + noun + verb + adverb + adjective + noun )
fy ed en ize ise ate verb
er / or ist / isme ing / dom gy / ure ency ence ment ity / age ion / ness noun
ic able ible ous ful ent ant ive al adjective
ly adverb
Verbs الافعال Nouns الاسماء
1. After ( to ) 1. After: ( a / an / the ) :
2. After prepositions ( in / on / of / at / with / for / by / from / without )
2.After : ( always / usually / often / seldom / rarely / sometimes / never ) 3. After the possessives ( 's / s' )
4. After : ( my / his / her / their / your / our / its )
3. After ( would rather / had better / let / make / help ) 5. After adjectives :
6. After numbers : cardinal ( one ) or ordinal ( first ) :
4. After the ( verbs to do ) : ( do / does / did ) 7. After the words ( this / these / that / those )
8. After ( much / many / few / some / any / little / more )
5. After ( will / would / shall / should / may / might / can / could / must ) 9. At the beginning of the sentence as subjects
10. After ( No )
6. Between the subject and the object = ( N + V + N ) 11. After : (need) – (cause) – (keep) – (see )
Adverbs الحال / الظرف Adjectives الصفات
1. Adverbs describe verbs 1. Adjectives describe nouns
2. We use the adverbs before adjectives : ( be + ly ) 2. After ( verb to be )
3. Adverbs ( without verbs ) Suddenly , he began to drive slowly 3. After adverbs ( adverb + adjective )
4. " verb " + ( very / too / so / quite ) 4. " be " + ( as adj as )
5. " verb " + ( as adv as ) 5. " be " + ( very / too / so / quite / a bit / absolutely / extremely )
6. subject + ly + verb
am – is – are + -------ly------ + V3 / am – is – are + V3 + ----ly----- 6. After these verbs ( look / feel / sound / seem / become / find / taste / smell / get / turn )
has / have + -------ly------ + V3 / has / have + V3 + ------ly----- After ( be + more / the most )
Arabic Adjective Noun Verb Arabic Adjective Noun Verb
يروي irrigation irrigate دواء – طبly- medical medicine
يترجم Translation – … tor translate تسعة ninth nine
يرث inheritable inheritance inherit عادةly - traditional tradition
يعلمly - educational education educate اصلly - original origin
يترجم translator translation translate ثقافة cultural culture
يجذبly - attractive attraction attract رئيسي major majority
يبدع – يخلقly creative creation create رؤياly - visual vision
يجمعly - collective collection collect دواء – طبly- medical medicine
يقدرly - appreciative appreciation appreciate سرطان cancerous cancer
يشغلly - operational operation operate افراط وزن obese obesity
يحيك weaving / weaver weave متاح viable viability
ينجحly - successful success succeed استدامة sustainable sustainability
ينتجly - productive production -product produce يؤثر influential influence
يتوقع expectant expectancy expect سرطان cancerous cancer
يخترع invention/ inventor invent وفيات- ly mortal mortality
يكتشف discoverable discovery /discoverer discover اختياري optional option
ينوي intended intention intend تقليديly - conventional convention
يعالج remedial remedy remedy علم الاثارly-
عالم اثار archaeological Archaeology
archaeologist
يختلف variable variation vary يركب installation install
ينتقد critic criticism criticise viablyمتاح viable viability
يرسل accessible access يتوقع expectancy expect
يعتمد على reliant on rely on سمعة reputation repute
يؤهل qualified qualification qualify يلقح inoculation inoculate
يحصن-يلقح immune immunisation immunise يركب installation install
2
Complete the sentences with words formed from the words in brackets.
1. The Middle East is famous for the --------------------------- of olive oil. (produce - productive - production)
2. Ibn Sina wrote ------------------------- textbooks. (medicine - medical - medically)
3. Fatima al-Fihri was born in the ---------------------- century. (nine – ninth )
4. My father bought our house with an ---------------------------- from his grandfather. (inherit – inherited - inheritance)
5. Scholars have discovered an ------------------- ------- document from the twelfth century. (origin – original – originally )
6. Do you think the wheel was the most important ------------------------------- ever? (invention – invented - invent )
7. Al-Kindi made many important mathematical ------------------------------. (discover – discoveries – discoverer )
8. Who was the most -------------------------- writer of the twentieth century? (influence – influent – influential )
9. The Giralda Tower was ----------------------- a minaret. ( origin – original – originally )
10. The --------------------- system must be linked with …… (education – educate – educational )
11. Jordan has a ------------------ of being a friendly and welcoming country. (repute – reputation )
12. The ----------------------of oil made some countries rich. (discover – discovery – discoverer )
13. Developing ---------------------- thinking is being encouraged at schools in Jordan. (create - creative – creation )
14. When we go to on school trips, we always learn new things because the trips are --------- . (education – educational - educate)
15. Sheep’s wool, and goat and camel hair are used by Bedouin tribes to --------- rugs. ( product – production - productive)
16. There is a particular Bedouin style of -------------------------- . (weave – weaver - weaving)
17. There is a particular Bedouin style of weaving that buyers find very --------------- . (attraction – attractive – attract ).
18. The craft that is practiced in Madaba is the ----------------------- of ceramic items. (creative – creation – create )
19. Maha shows great --------------------------- for her new job as a lawyer . (enthusiasm - enthusiastic - enthusiastically )
20. I will be going to university to continue my -----------------------------. (education / educate / educational)
21- Another way of saying that something could be successful is to say it is ------------. ( viable / viably / viability ) 2018
22- --------------------, a man proposes to a woman, not the other way round. ( Tradition / Traditional / Tradirionally)
23- Artists usually meets to discuss ideas and --------------- each other's work. ( criticise / criticism / critic ) 2018
24- Madaba has a ------------------ as a fascinating place to visit . ( reputation / reputational / reputationally ) 2018
25- Khalid received an ----------------- letter from the manager for his hard work. ( appreciate / appreciation / appreciatively )
26- Manal always presents her ---------------- work in literature clearly. ( create / creative / creatively ) 2018
_______________________________________________________________________________________
1. Before you apply for a job, check that you have the correct --------------. (qualify - qualified - qualification )
2. The company is pleased with your work and is happy to give you a------------. (recommend - recommended - recommendation)
3. Congratulations on a very------------------ business deal. (succeed - success - successful )
4. We should always be ready to listen to good ------------------- (advise - advice - advisable)
5. My father often talks about what he did in his -------------------. (young - youth)
6. It’s important to have an ------------------ of different countries’ customs (aware - awareness )
7. The graduation ceremony was a very ---------- occasion for everyone. (memory - memorise - memorable)
8. Nuts contain useful ------------------------ such as oils and fats. (nutritious - nutrition - nutrients )
9. I'm confused. Could you give me some ----------------------, please ? (advisable - advice - advise )
10. Kareem is a -------- journalist, he has worked previously for many scientific journals. (qualification - qualify - qualified )
11. Doing lots of exercise won't keep you healthy if you don't eat ----------- food as well. (nutrients - nutritious - nutrition ) 2016
12. Khalid is a very --------- and adabtable worker, I believe that he can be successful in any position. (competence - compete - competent )
13. In the Middle East today, entrepreneurship is ------------------ important. (particular - particularly )
14. It is important because of the --------------------- job market. ( compete – competent - competence )
15. It is important to give young people the ----------------- so that they can help themselves. ( know – known - knowledge )
16. If they cannot find jobs, they can create their own and then, ---------, generate jobs for others. ( ideal - ideally )
17. --------------------- have been set up. ( organize – organized - organisation )
18. Language ------------ is becoming an important requirement for many jobs. (proficient - proficiency ) 2017
19. My grandfather often tells us about what he did in his ----------------- . ( young - youth ) 2017
20. Olives which are----------- grown in the world, have been cultivated for over 6.000 years. ( extend - extensive - extensively ) 2017
38. It is important to have an ----------- of different countries' customs. ( aware - awareness ) 2017
39. Maha shows great -------------- for her new job as a lawyer in the court . ( enthusiasm , enthusiastic , enthusiastically ) 2018
50. Hospitals have a ---------------- to provide the best medical care. ( commit - committed - commitment ) 2019
51. ------------, the process of producing rugs is done by hand. (Tradition - Traditional - Traditionally) 2019
3
Guided Writing
Mahmoud Darwish Name
1942 - 2008 Date (born and died)
Poet and author Profession
- Leaves of Olives and Wingless Birds Achievements
Mahmoud Darwish, who was a poet and an author, was born in 1942 and died in 2008. There are many achievements for Mahmoud Darwish such as "Leaves of Olives and Wingless Birds".
( He wrote " Leaves of Olives and Wingless Birds.")
Najeeb Mahfouth Name
Cairo , 1911 Place/ Date of birth
Cairo, 2006 Place/ date of death
Novelist Proffession
- Awarded the Nobel Prize for literature
- Father of modern Arabic Literature Achievements
Najeeb Mahfouth, who was a novelist, was born in Cairo in 1911 and died in Cairo in 2006. He was awarded Nabel Prize for Literature and considered (called ) the father of modern Arabic Literature.
Ibn Bassal Name
11th century BC Date
AlAndalus Location
Writer, scientists, engineer Profession
Botany and agriculture interests
A book of agriculture – water pumps – irrigation system achievements
Advice and instructions to farmers legacy
Ibn Bassal , who lived in AlAndalus in the eleventh century, was a writer , a scientist and an engineer. He was interested in botany and agriculture , so he made many achievements such as writing a book about agriculture and designing water pumps and irrigation systems. Ibn Bassal's legacy was great because all the farmers followed his advice and instructions.
Write two sentences about Qasir Bashir
Jordanian Desert Location
beginning of the 4th century Date of construction
protection of the Roman borders Purpose of building
huge towers, 23 rooms Description of the building
Qasir Bashir , which is located in the Jordanian Desert, was built / constructed at the beginning of the 4th century. It was built to protect the Roman borders. Also, it has huge towers and twenty-three rooms.
Giralda Tower
Seville, Spain location
over 104 metres Height
a minaret originally
Jabir Ibn Aflah designer
The Giralda Tower, which is one of the most important buildings in Seville, Spain, stands at just over 104 metres tall. It was originally a minaret and the person who is believed to be responsible for the design was Jabir Ibn Aflah.
Curriculum Vitae السيرة
Emad Abu Alzumar He is Emad Abu Alzumar Name
Hitten Camp , Marka He lives in Hitten Camp , Marka Contact details
degree in English (1990 CE) He has a degree in English in 1990 CE. Qualification
teacher of English,– 19990 – now He has worked as a teacher of English since 1990. Work experience
dedicated, ambitious worker. He is a dedicated and ambitious worker. Personal attributes
Won the Distinguished teacher Award He won the Distinguished teacher Award in 2016. Skills and achievements
This CV is about Emad Abu Alzumar. He lives in Hitten Camp , Marka. He has a degree in English in 1990 CE. He has worked as a teacher of English since 1990. He is a dedicated and ambitious worker. He won the Distinguished teacher Award in 2016.
4
Reasons that make people leave their home countries
- seek better life
- complete education
- find better jobs
- learn about different cultures
There are many reasons that make people leave their home countries such as seeking better life and completing their education, too. Also, another reason is finding better jobs and learning about different cultures.
What should happen to motorists who break the speed limits ?
Ban from driving
Fine for driving fast
Put in prison
There are many things that should happen to motorists who break the speed limits such as banning them from driving and fining them for driving fast, too. . Also , another thing is putting them in prison.
How to improve your English language ?
Listen to English programs
Read English newspapers and magazines
Join English courses regularly
There are many ways to improve your English language such as listening to English programs and reading newspapers and magazines, too. Also, another way is joining English courses regularly to improve your English language.
Why do people use the internet websites ?
Buy goods
Book holidays
Pay bills
There are many reasons that make people use the internet websites such as buying goods and booking holidays, too. . In addition, another reason is paying bills.
Characteristics of traditional education ……
- students attend classes in person
- students have more opportunities to join clubs
- students need more guidance and more direct contact with teachers
- students attend classes in a specific time and in a specific location
There are many characteristics of traditional education . For example, students attend classes in person and in a specific time and in a specific location. In addition, they have more opportunities to join clubs and they need more guidance and more direct contact with teachers.
Goods that Jordan imports and exports
imports Exports
- oil
- gas
- wheat - phosphate
- Potash
- Pharmaceuticals
There are many goods that Jordan exports such as Phosphate, potash and Pharmaceuticals. On the other hand, there are many goods that Jordan imports such as oil, gas and wheat.
Benefits of doing an internship …..
- developing professional skills.
- increasing self-confidence in the workplace.
- having personal growth experiences.
- improving social relationships
2017
There are many reasons of doing an intership such as developing professional skills, increasing self-confidence in the workplace and having personal growth experience. Also another benefit is improving personal relationships.
5
1. Cleft Sentences :
Sami (who) studied English (which) in Amman (where) in 1996. (when ) ( in which)
The person who --------------------------------------------------------------- ( is – was ) + Sami
The thing which ------------------------------------------------------------- ( is – was ) + a car
The place where ------------------------------------------------------------- ( is – was ) + Amman
The time / year / day when ------------------------------------------------ ( is – was ) + yesterday
The way in which ------- / The reason why ----------
Sami ( is– was ) the person who
English ( is– was ) the thing which / that
باقي الجملة باستثناء الجزء المكتوب / المحدد Amman ( is – was ) the place where +
1996 ( is –was ) the time when
It ( is –was –) Sami who
It ( is –was –) English which
باقي الجملة باستثناء الجزء المكتوب / المحدد It ( is –was –) Amman where ( that ) +
It ( is –was –) 1996 when
الاسم المحدد What + ------------------------------------------------------------ + ( is - was ) +
1. He has written many books , but his final book made him famous all over the world .
He has written many books, but it -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The Olympic Games were held in London in 2012 CE.
The event -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
The time -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. The Egyptians built the pyramids.
It ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. The Great Mosque in Cordoba was built in 784 CE by Abd al-Rahman I. ( passive)
The person ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. I would like to go to London next year.
What -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Queen Rania opened the Children’s Museum of Jordan in 2007 CE.
It was ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Petra was made a World Heritage Site in 1985 CE.
The year-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. It stopped working at 11 p.m.
It was-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. My father has influenced me most.
The person----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. I like Geography most of all.
The subject----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. The heat made the journey unpleasant.
It was-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. The first athletic event for disabled athletes took place in 1948 CE.
The year ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2016
13. Taha Hussein is especially famous for his work in literature .
It is ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2016
14. Petra was made a World Heritage Site in 1985 CE.
The year ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2017
15. My neighbours' generosity impresses me more than anything else.
The thing that ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2017
16. The Second World War ended in 1945 in Europe .
The year ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018
17. I would like to visit Petra next month.
What ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2018
6
2. Relative Clauses : ( who / which / that / where / when / whose )
Defining clauses : Necessary to the meaning of the sentence . e.g. : There are many animals which have four legs.
Non-defining clauses : Add extra information - Not necessary - ( has a comma after the main clause . )
e.g. : Ali , who lives in Aqaba , is my friend .
Sentences Relative words
-I told you about the man who lives next door .2019
-The man who lives next door is my friend. 1. Who : Ahmad , Salma , the person , the man , the scientist
-Do you see the tiger which is lying on the roof ?
-The tiger which is lying on the roof is dangerous. 2. which / that : the thing , the car , the lion , the event
-I met the man whose daughter is a doctor.
-The car whose colour is red is beautiful. 3. whose : the man whose + n / the car whose + n
-The city where we met Ali is very beautiful .
-Amman which is in Jordan is beautiful 4. Where : the place where / Amman where + n +v / Amman which + V
I remember the day when we entered the school. 5. When : the time / year / day / period / week
1. London is a huge city. It’s the capital of the UK.
London--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The Giralda tower stands 104 metres tall. It is one of the most important buildings in spain.
The Giralda Tower, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Ibn Sina's friends advised him to relax. They were worried about his health.
Ibn Sina's friends, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. The man was happy. His son graduated last year.
The man -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. The students ----------------- cleaned the street are from our school. ( which - who - when - whose ) 2018
5. The prize ------------------------- Huda won last year was for Art . ( when - where - which - who ) 2018
6. The person ----------------- has influenced me most is my father. ( which - who - when - whose ) 2019
7. The country ------------- Jabir Ibn Hayyan did his research was Iraq. ( which - who - when - where ) 2019
8. The person ------------- won the prize for art last year was Huda. ( which - who - when - where ) 2019
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Wish = If only
Wish – If only : ( express regrets about the past ) Rule
I slept too long. I wish I hadn't slept….
V2 ------------------------------------------------- hadn't + V3
I didn't do ……. If only I had done …. didn't + V-inf. ---------------------------------- had + V3
I wasn't successful. I wish I had been …. wasn't – weren't ---------------------------------- had been
Wish – If only : ( express wishes about the present ) Rule
We live in a small flat I wish we didn't live ……
V1 / V-s --------------------------------------- didn't + V-inf.
I don't know the answer. I wish I knew the answer. don't / doesn't + V-inf. --------------------------------- V2
He is far from here. He wishes he weren't far
He is not tall enough. He wishes he were taller. am / is / are ----------------------------------------- weren't
am not / isn't / aren't ----------------------------------- were
I regret being angry -------- I wish I hadn't been angry.
I regret not being happy. ---- I wish I had been happy.
He should have been careful. – He wishes he had been ….
He shouldn't have been careless. He wishes he hadn't been ..
regret + V-ing ---------------------------------- hadn't + V3
regret + not + V-ing --------------------------- had + V3
should have + V3 ------------------------------ had + V3
shouldn't have + V3 --------------------------- hadn't + V3
تحويل الافعال
could can't couldn't can
would won't wouldn't will
hadn't + V3 have + V3 / has + V3 weren't am - is - are
didn't have to have to / has to = V1 didn't + inf. V1 / Vs-es
didn't have have / has = V1 weren't am - is - are
hadn't to - had to must - mustn't were am not - is not - are not
7
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Ali did not pass his exams. If only he ----------------------- harder last year. (study)
2. Ziad is not very good at basketball. He wishes he ------------------------- taller! ( be )
3. We didn't catch the earlier bus. We’re late. If only we ---------------------- the earlier bus. ( catch)
4. Our flat is very small. If only we ---------------------- in a big house. ( live )
5. Jaber isn’t old enough to drive a car. He wishes he -------------------------- older. ( be )
6. I wish I ------------------------------------ English better when I was younger. (learn)
7. I regret that I made an accident. I wish I --------------------- fast. (not drive)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Read the situations and complete the sentences :
1. Sultan forgot to do his Science homework.
If only he -------------------------------------------------------- to do it.
2. Nahla could not find her way round the city very easily.
If only she --------------------------------------------------------- a map.
3. Oh no! I’ve forgotten my library book. I left it at home.
I wish I ------------------------------------------------------------------- .
4. Our team didn’t play very well yesterday.
If only they ------------------------------------------------------- better.
5. I regret going to bed late last night.
I wish I -------------------------------------------------------------earlier.
6. Nader should have been more careful with his essay. He didn’t get a good mark. (wishes)
Nader wishes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 2016
7. I regret living abroad for a long time . (wish )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2016
8. I regret speaking aloud in my class . (wish )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2017
9. Mohammad didn't consult his career advisor, so he felt sorry. (wish )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2017
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Use the prompts and write sentences with ( I wish and If only ).
1. I’m cold. I wish I ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . ( bring a coat)
2. We’re late. If only -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . ( get up earlier )
3. I feel ill. If only -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . ( not eat so many sweets )
4. Fadi has lost his wallet. I wish ------------------------------------------------------------------ . ( be more careful )
5. Huda was too busy to visit us yesterday. I wish she------------------------------------------ . ( be able to come )
6. I’ve broken my watch. If only ----------------------------------------------------------------- . ( not drop it )
7. I am very hungry! I wish I ------------------------------------ before I went to the conference. ( not eat )
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Choose the correct answer :
1. Ziad is not very good at basketball. He wishes he --------- taller! ( is / were / was )
2. I can’t do this exercise. I wish I --------- it. ( understood / understand / understanding)
3. Mr Haddad does not understand the Chinese businessman.
If only he -------------------- Chinese. ( speak / spoke / had spoken)
4. Jordan needs to import a lot of oil.
If only it --------------------------- larger oil reserves. ( has / had / had had )
5. If only I ----------------- lost my ticket! ( haven’t / didn’t / hadn’t )
6. I always have to get home early. I wish my parents ------------------------ me stay out later. 2018
( lets / won't let / would let / will let )
I didn't wake up early and I missed my bus. I wish I ------------------------ early. 2018
( wake up / wakes up / had waken up / have waken up)
7. We are late . If only we ------------------ the earlier bus. ( catch / hadn't caught / had caught ) 2019
8
27. Conditional Sentences
حقيقة ثابتة لا تتغير Main Clause If Clause - Zero
Subject + simple present ( a fact ) ( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are ( he , she , it + V-s / es )
(not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't ( I , we , you , they + V1 ) If + S + Simple Present
( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are / (not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't
1. If you boil water , it ------------------------------. (evaporate)
2. If plants ----------------- enough sunlight, they die. (not , get)
3. Water -------------------- to ice if the temperature falls below zero. (turn)
4. If you push this button , the video -------------------- . (play)
5.You get a huge feeling of satisfaction when you know that people --------- everything you translate. (understand)
6.When you --------------------- water to 100°C, it boils. (heat)
7.Do you usually go home or meet your friends when school ---------------- ? (finish)
8.If you ---------------------- the plants, they die. (not water)
9.During Ramadan, we eat when the sun ------------------- . ( set )
10.Ice cream melts when it ----------------------- warm.. ( get)
11.Plants die if they ----------------------------- enough sunlight. (not , get) 2017
21. Rawan always takes her mobile when she -------------------------- ( go out ) 2017
محتمل الحدوث Main Clause If Clause - I
Subject + will / won't ( modals ) + infinitive
'll / will not
be = will be / (not be ) = won't be If + S + Simple Present
( V1 / Vs-es / don't – doesn't )
be = am , is , are / (not be ) = am not , isn't , aren't
ادوات اخرى لها نفس قاعدة if ولكن المعنى مختلف 1. provided that - unless - as long as - Even if
حتى لو طالما اذا لم – ما لم بشرط ان
1. If Sami studies hard , he ---------------------- all his exams . (pass)
2. If you -------------an interview for a job in pharmaceuticals, you will need to show real enthusiasm for the industry. (get)
3. I’ll buy the book if / provided tha t /as long as it ------------- too expensive. (not be)
4. I --------------------- it if it is too expensive . (not, buy)
5. If Sami studies hard , he ------------------ all his exams . (pass)
6. Unless you have a language degree, you ---------------- able to become an interpreter. (not be)
7. If you get an interview for a job, you ------------------- to show that you have good listening skills. (need)
8. If you are successful, it ---------------------- a secure and rewarding job. (be)
9. If you arrive at the station next Saturday, we ---------------- there to meet you. (be)
10. Nasser will come out with us tomorrow unless he -----------------help his father. ( have to)
11. I ---------------- you with your homework, as long as you help me with mine! ( help)
12. Provided that it ----------------- , we will have a picnic next week. (not rain)
13. If you win the prize, how -------------- you ------------ the money? (spend)
14. Even if Omar ----------- his driving test this afternoon, he won't have his own car. (pass)
15. You will not pass your exams unless you --------------------- hard. (study)
16. Your new computer will last a long time as long as you --------------- careful with it. (be)
17. I ----------------------- you if I miss the bus. (phone)
18. We’ll go to our favourite restaurant on Friday unless it ----------------- closed. ( be )
19. I will take the job offer provided that it------ part-time – I haven’t finished my university studies yet.. ( be)
20. We have to go to school even if we ---------------- tired. ( be)
21. We ------------------ umbrellas if it rains (need)
22. The teacher ----------------- pleased if I write a good essay. (be)
23. Provided that everyone ------------------- hard, we’ll all pass our exams.. (work)
24. Babies --------------------- usually happy unless they’re hungry or cold. (be)
(feel) 25. We should always be polite even if we --------------------- tired.
26. Rawan always takes her mobile when she -------------------------- ( go out ) 2017
27. Ali will be upset, If you ------------------------ him to your party. ( not, invite ) 2018
6. You won't get a job in France unless you ---------------------- French.
a. speak b. speaks c. is speaking d. spoke 2018
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3. The Third conditional ( Type 3 ) : The third sequence refers to a condition which was not met in the past :
الخيال - Main Clause If Clause – Type 3
S + would have / could have / might have (not ) + P.P ( V3 )
( less sure ) ربما كان من الممكن - قدرة تاكد If + S + had + P.P ( V3 )
hadn't + PP (V3)
1. I --------------------------- the job if I had had some experience. (get)
2. If you had done the course, you ------------------------- enough experience to apply for the job. (had)
3. If Huda ------------- ill yesterday, she wouldn’t have missed the exam. ( not be)
4. If my father had gone to university, he -------------------- a teacher. ( can be)
5. Jameel might not have become a musician if his parents ----------------------- him. ( not encourage)
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