قواعد اللغة الانجليزية الاساسية

قواعد اللغة الانجليزية الاساسية

أرجو التركيز على القطع التالية :

1. Using Technology in Class Rooms. ( unit one )
2. Are Happier People Healthier. ( unit two )
3. Health in Jordan. ( unit two )
4. King Hussein Cancer Centre. ( unit three )
5. Accident Victim Tests First Artificial Limb. ( unit three )
6. Young Emirate Inventor. ( unit three )
7. Glass Blowing. ( unit five )
8. The Arts in Jordan. ( unit five )
** الكلمات الضرورية المستخدمة في أسئلة القطع الوزارية **
Find
جد
Factors
عوامل
Quote
اقتبس
Influence, Impact, Effect
تأثير
Underlined
تحته خط
According to
وفقا ل / حسب
Pronoun
ضمير
View, Opinion, Attitude
وجهة نظر
Text
نص
Sentence
جملة
Paragraph
فقرة
Indicate
يشير / يبين
Write down
اكتب
Why
لماذا
Examples
أمثلة
How
كيف
Mention
أذكر / عدد
When
متى
Features, Qualities
خصائص
Who
من
Objective, Aims
أهداف
Where
أين
First
أول
What
ما / ماذا
Second
ثاني
Which
أي / الذي
Third
ثالث
How many
كم عدد
Last
أخر / أخير
How long
كم طول المدة
Word
كلمة
Causes, Reasons
أسباب
Refer to
يعود على
A part from
بإستثناء
Describe
صف
Result
نتائج
Advantages, Benefits
ايجابيات / فؤائد
Mean
يعني
Explain
وضح
Justify
برر
Suggest
اقترح
Ways
طرق
Characteristics
خصائص
Steps
خطوات
Difficulties
صعوبات
Consequences, results
نتائج
أ. طه النوباني
Facebook https://www.facebook.com/taha.hamdo.16
WatsApp: 0799536788
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Choose the suitable item to complete each of the following sentences.
1. How long……………. You……………… English?
( have been learning , have been , has been learning )
2. Matt phoned while we ………………….………. dinner.
( had , were having , having )
3. As he …………………………. to the radio, he didn’t discuss our problem.
( listened , was listened , was listening )
4. When they …………………….………, it was raining.
( arrived , were arriving , were arrived )
5. When my brother called me up, I …………………….………my homework.
( wasn’t doing , weren't doing , did )
6. Jack …………………….. to the wedding yesterday. ( go , went , has gone )
7. Are you hungry? No, I …………….….. just …………..……… lunch.
( has eaten , have eaten , had eaten )
8. Did you go out last night? Yes, I went to the cinema, but I ……………. the film much. ( enjoyed , don’t enjoy , didn’t enjoy )
9. Sami …………………….……. away very often. ( don’t go , doesn’t go , didn’t go )
10. My mother ……………….………… two miles every morning before breakfast.
(runs , run , is running)
11. They ………………………………. to the news at this moment.
( have listened , had listened , are listening)
12. After they …………………………… their final exam, they left to London.
( finished , had finished , have finished)
13. Before he ……………….., we had finished our work. ( sleeps , had slept , slept)
14. She has been ….…….. in the U.S.A for five years now. ( study , studied , studying )
15. They …………………….. the meal yet. ( haven't eaten , hasn't eaten , have eaten)
16. I ………………………..…. my new suit tomorrow.
(will wash , will be washing , am going to wash)
17. By the end of summer, we ………………………….. for a holiday in Spain.
(will book , will have booked , are going to book)
18. The new manager ………….….. in the office now. ( isn't sitting , sit , sat)
19. By the time my friend found me , I ………………………… my homework.
( have done , did , had been doing )
20. Look at the sky! It ……………….. soon. (will rain , is going to rain, will have rained)
21. Don’t phone between 7 and 8 tomorrow morning. I …………….……………a meet with my boss. ( will be having , am going to have , am having )
22. This time tomorrow , we will be celebrating because we ………………..…………. our exams. ( will finish , will be finishing , will have finished )
23. Tala passed all her exams. She had ………………………. well for a month.
(been revised , been revising , revised )
UNIT ONE
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• Complete each of the following items so that the new item has a similar meaning to the one before it.
1. Petter started working at 8 a.m. It's 12 p.m, and he's still working.
…………………………………………………………… since 8 a.m.
2. We did the homework, and then our teacher arrived.
Before ……………………………………………………………
3. Ali wrote a letter. Next he posted it.
After ……………………………………………………………..
للتحويل من المبني للمعلوم الى مبني للمجهول يجب إتباع الخطوات التالية:
في بداية الجملة ويصبح فاعلا. (object) 1 . نضع المفعول به
المناسب وذلك حسب زمن الفعل وحسب الجملة الجديدة. (verb to be) 2. نضع
.(past participle) 3. نضع التصريف الثالث للفعل الرئيسي
4 . نكمل الجملة.
.by + agent 5 . نضع
am, is, are + pp
Simple present was, were + pp Simple past
have , has , had + been + pp
Present perfect & Past perfect
• Complete each of the following items so that the new item has a similar meaning to the one before it.
1. I don’t find this solution quite acceptable.
This solution …………………………………………………………….………………..
2. Rami drinks coffee every morning.
Coffee …………………………………………………………………….………………
3. Samar doesn’t have a lot of exams very often.
A lot of exams ………………………………………………………………….………...
4. The students at Ammon School study English and French.
English and French……………………………………………………………………….
5. The police have caught the thief strongly.
The thief ……………………………………………………….........................................
6. Samar hasn’t taken a lot of exams since the beginning of the semester.
A lot of exams …………………………………………………………………….……...
7. Sarah invited me to the party.
I ………………………………………………………………………………..................
8. The students didn't answer the questions in ink.
The questions …………………………………………………………………….…….....
9. Sama put a stamp on the letter.
A stamp ……………………………………………………………………………………
10. Nobody had known all the answers correctly.
All the answers ……………………………………………………………………………
Passive Voice/ المبني للمجهول
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Choose the suitable item to complete each of the following sentences.
1. America ….…………………………….. in 1492 by Columbus.
( were discovered , was discovered . is discovered )
2. English …………………………… by many countries all over the world.
( is spoken , was spoke , spoken )
3. In 2007, the first smart phone ………………….. by the Apple Company.
( has produced , had produced , was produced )
4. The matter……………………..…… by the board for an hour.
( has been discussed , have been discussed , has discussed )
5. The homework ………………… right now, by the students.
( are being done , is being done , is done )
للتحول من الكلام المباشر إلى الكلام الغير مباشر اتبع الخطوات التالية:
. يجب تغير زمن الجملة. 1
Direct
Indirect am, is are do, does don’t, doesn’t have, has play, plays (v.1, v.1+s) was were did didn’t had played (v.2)
played (v.2)
was, were
didn’t + base
had
had + v.3
had been + v.ing
had played (had+ v.3)
had been
hadn’t + v.3
had had
had + v.3
had been + v.ing will can shall may would could should might
must, have to , has to , ought to
Had to
Reported Speech / Indirect Speech الكلام المنقول /الكلام الغير مباشر
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. تحويل الضمائر 2
. تحويل الظروف الزمنية كما يلي 3
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech this these here today tonight yesterday tomorrow tomorrow (morning) at the moment last (week) next (week) now ago that those there that day that night the day before the day after the following (morning) at that moment the (week) before / the previous week the (week) after then before
عند التحويل الى الكلام المنقول اتبع ما يلي:
بعد الأفعال الإفتتاحية. (that) 1 . نضع
2. نضع الضمير)الفاعل( المناسب حسب الجملة الجديدة.
3 . نحدد زمن الفعل ثم نحوله للشكل الصحيح.
4 . نحول الظروف الزمنية.
5 . نكمل الجملة.
• Complete each of the following items so that the new item has a similar meaning to the one before it.
1. “ My parents are very well ”
Janny said ……………………………………………………………..…………………..
2. “ I don’t have much free time ”
Ahmad said ……………………………………………………………………………….
3. “ My new car is very interesting ”
Yazan said ………………………………………………………………………………..
4. “ Sue is coming to the party tonight ”
Anas told me ……………………………………………………………………………..
I
he
she
me
him
her
my
his
her
we
they
us
them
our
their
your
his
her
their
you
he
she
they
you
him
her
them
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5. “ We have a reason to believe that you took the car ”
The police told the man ………………………………………………………………….
6. “ I have finished my homework and I will make the tea ”
My sister said …………………………………………………………………………….
7. “ I enjoyed the book that I finished this morning ”
Tareq said …………………………………………………………………………………
8. “ You didn’t see my English teacher yesterday ”
Nour told her parents ………………………………………………………………………
9. “ I wasn’t looking after my little brother ”
Suha told her mother ………………………………………………………………………
10. “ Yesterday I bought all the ingredients for a chocolate cake.”
Huda told me………….………………………….………………………………………..
11. “ Many computers have filters which stop people seeing certain websites".
He said that……………….………………………………………………………………..
12. “ If they share information on social media with their friends, it might be accessed by other people, too.”
He said that…………………………………………………………………………………
13. “ You have to obey my orders ”
The commander told the soldiers ……………………………………………………….....
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We use the zero conditional to talk about things which regularly happen.
يستعمل هذا النوع للتحدث عن حقائق وأشياء عامة.
If + subject + simple present , subject + simple present
If Ali has his own computer, he doesn’t need to use his friend’s computer.
If it snows, we get cold.
We use the first conditional to talk about things which are likely to happen in the future.
نستخدم هذا النوع للتحدث عن أشياء من المحتمل حدوثها في المستقبل.
If + subject + simple present , subject + will + base
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
If you play computer games all day, you won’t have time to study.
We use the second conditional to talk about things which are unlikely to happen in the future.
نستخدم هذا النوع للتحدث عن أشياء من غير المحتمل حدوثها في المستقبل.
If + subject + simple past , subject + would + base
If you studied hard, you would pass the exam.
If Ali had his own computer, hewouldn’t need to use his friend’s computer.
لتقديم نصيحة: (If I were you) في هذا النوع من الجمل الشرطية نستعمل
If I were you, I would pass the exam.
Choose the suitable item to compete each of the following sentences
1. If the weather ………………………….…. sunny, we will go for a picnic.
(is , am , are)
2. We would go if you …………………………. on time.
(don’t come, doesn’t come , didn’t come)
3. You will get the letter by Sunday if she ………………….……….. it today.
(post , posts , posted)
4. Samar won’t do the whole work if she …………………..…… enough time.
(doesn’t have , don’t have , didn’t have)
5. If I …………….…………... a big prize in a lottery, I would give up my job.
(win , wins , won)
6. If I were you, I …………..……….. him. (help, would help , will help)
Zero Conditional First Conditional Second Conditional
Conditional Sentences الجمل الشرطية
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7. You will be dropped from the team if you ………………………... well.
(don’t play , doesn’t play , didn’t play)
8. If Rami …………..……….. too much chocolate, his teeth get worse.
(eat , eats , ate)
9. If water ………………..….. , it turns into ice. (freeze, freezes, freezed)
Complete each of the following sentences so that the new sentence is similar in meaning to the one before it.
1. I think you should send a text message.
If ………………………………………………………………………
2. You should see a dentist instantly.
If ………………………………………………………………………
3. Press that button to make the picture move.
If you ………………………………………………………………….
نستخدم هذه القاعدة عندما يطلب شخص ما من شخص آخر للقيام بالفعل بدلا عنه.
Examples:
I will do my homework.
I will have my homework done.
I am painting my house.
I am having my house painted.
I repaired my mobile phone.
I had my mobile phone repaired.
Choose the suitable item to compete each of the following sentences
1. My brother is having his car ……………… ( service , serviced , servicing )
2. They had the new kitchen …………………… ( built , build , building )
3. Samar will have her new dress ………….. tomorrow. ( maked , make , made )
Complete the following sentences so that the new sentence is similar in meaning to
the one before it.
1. I will ask someone to repair the fridge.
I will ..………………………………………………………….. .
2. Someone painted my kitchen.
I …………………………………………………………………… .
3. She is going to ask her aunt to mend her dress.
She is going to …………………………………………………… .
(have, has, having, had) + object ) قد يكون اسم أو ضمير( + V3.
Causative Verbs / Having things السببية / طلب الخدمة
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:(Gerund) الأفعال التالية يأتي بعدها
avoid, defer, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, favour, finish, include, mind, miss, practice, suggest, consider…
We enjoy studying English.
I finish doing my homework.
:(Infinitive) الأفعال التالية يتبعها
afford, agree, want, wish, aim, arrange, attempt, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, fail, forget, hope, learn, manage, mean, offer, plan, intend, attend, promise, refuse, threaten
We want to pass the English exam.
He promises to come early.
Choose the suitable item to compete each of the following sentences.
1. Would you mind ……………..…………….. the door, please? (open)
( open , to open , opening )
2. He enjoyed ………………………….…….. all over the world. (travel)
( travelling , to travel , travel )
3. She decided ………………………..……Law at university. (study)
( study , to study , studying )
4. I offered ………………………….. my father clean the car. (help)
( to help , helping . help )
5. People should avoid …………………………… in public places. (smoke)
( to smoke , smoke , smoking )
6. Did you finish ………………………….… the newspaper? (read)
( read , reading , to read )
7. My sister suggested …………………….… to the Dead Sea at the weekend. (go)
( going , go , to go )
* Ali intends to finish his project tonight.
Ali ………………………………………………………………………….. .
Verbs followed by infinitive (to + base) and gerund (-ing form)
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+
للدلالة على إحتمالية حدوث الفعل. (might) نستخدم *
It might rain tomorrow.
للدلاة على عدم السماح القيام بالفعل. (mustn’t / must not) * نستخدم
The students mustn’t use calculators in the math exam.
للدلالة على عدم الضرورة بالقيام بالفعل. (don’t have to , doesn’t have to) * نستخدم
Tomorrow is a holiday. We don’t have to go class.
للدلالة على ضرورة القييام بالفعل. (have to, has to) * نستخدم
You have to start work at 8:00 a.m.
Complete the following sentences so that the new sentence is similar in meaning to the one before it.
1. It is not necessary to switch off the screen.
You ……..………………………………………………………………. .
2. He is probably Mary's uncle.
He ………………………………………………………………………. .
3. The drivers aren’t allowed to use the tunnel at night.
The drivers ……………………………………………………………… .
4. It is necessary to book the room in advance before you invite him. You ……………………………………………………………………… .
5. Perhaps Manal studies English hard.
Manal …………………………………………………………………… .
base
Using Modals
*might
*mustn’t / must
have to / has to
*don’t have to
doesn’t have to
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Phrases with different meanings
The word ( s )
English Meaning
Arabic Meaning
share ideas
to give your idea to another person or a group
تشارك الأفكار
compare ideas
where two or more people consider how their ideas are similar or different
تبادل الأفكار
create a web site
to construct a website that currently does not exist
إنشاء موقع على
شبكة الانترنت
contribute to a
web site
offer your writing and work to the website
المساهمة في موقع
على الانترنت
research information
to use a variety of sources to find the information you need
البحث عن المعلومات
present information
to give the results of your research in a presentation
تقييم المعلومات
monitor what is
happening
you know what is happening and you are following the developments
مراققبة ما يحدث
find out what is happening
you don’t know what is happening and you want to discover it
يعرف ما يحدث
give to talk to people
you have prepared a speech and you are giving this speech to a group of people who are expecting it
إلقاء محاضرة بالناس
talk to people
an informational discussion
التحدث مع الناس
show photos
you show people photos that you have in person
عرض الصور
send photos
you send photos to someone over the internet or by post
إرسال الصور
Explain the difference in meaning between the following underlined phrase .
1. Students at Jordan Hotel School can create a website for the class room, and students
at other schools can contribute to the website.
.............................................................................................................................................
2. Some professors ask students give to talk to people at university, and sometimes they prepare us to talk to people in conferences.
.............................................................................................................................................
Phrasal verbs and prepositions
get started
يبدأ
look around يلقي نظرة / ينظر الى
settle down
يستقر
take place يحدث
meet up
يقابل / يلتقي
wake up يستيقظ
Choose the suitable item to compete each of the following sentences
1. to know………..… dangers of the Internet. ( about , in , on , out )
2. to connect …………… people on the Internet. ( with , in , on , out )
3. to turn …….…… privacy settings. ( about , in , on , out )
4. to give ….………. personal information. ( about , in , on , out )
5. to fill ……..…… a form. ( about , in , on , out )
know about
يعرف عن
connect with يتصل مع
turn on
يشغل
give out ينشر
fill in
يعبئ
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* We use (used to + base) to describe past habits or past states that have now changed.
للتحدث عن عادات أو احداث في الماضي لم تعد موجودة الآن. (used to) نستخدم
.(didn’t use to) ب (used to) ننفي
.(base) فعل مجرد (used to) يأتي بعد
I used to live with my parents. Now I live in my own a apartment.
Samar used to be a teacher, but now she has retired.
There didn't use to be so much pollution, but these days it is a global problem.
* We use be used to (+ noun , pronoun or verb in the-ing form) to describe things that are familiar or customary.
للتحدث عن الأشياء المتعارف عليها أو التقليدية. (be used to) نستخدم
.(be not use to) ب (be used to) ننفي
.(noun, pronoun, v + ing) (be used to) يأتي بعد
We've lived in the city a long time, so we're used to the traffic.
I didn't like getting up early , but I'm used to it now.
Sarah has lived in the UK for a year . She's used to speaking English now.
Choose the suitable item to compete each of the following sentences
1. Joining a gym can be very tiring at first if you ….…………. much exercise.
(aren’t used to do , aren’t used to doing , use to doing )
2. When I was young, I …..……………. fishing with my dad every weekend. Now I don’t, unfortunately! ( used to go , used to going , use to go )
3. Salma has been practicing the oud really hard and she is now …..…………..….. it.
( use to playing , used to play , used to plying )
4. My grandparents …………………….. emails when they were my age.
( didn’t use to send , are used to sending , didn’t used to send )
Complete each the following sentences so that the new sentence is similar in meaning to the one before.
1. I was playing computer games when I was young, but I don’t anymore.
I …………………………………………………………………………..…………..
2. It is normal for me now to get up early to study.
I ……………………………………………………………………...……………
3. Fares didn’t use to come early , but now he does.
Fares………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. When I lived in my hometown, I went to the beach every weekend. Now I don’t go the beach every weekend( used to )
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
UNIT TWO
used toإعتدت على & be used to معتاد على
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Colour Idiom
English Meaning
Arabic Meaning feel blue to feel sad / sadness يشعر بالحزن
see red
to get angry
يغضب
white elephant something that has cost a lot of money but has no useful purpose./ a useless possession مكلف بدون فائدة
have/get the green light
to have or give permission to go ahead with something or
for something to happen
يسح / يأذن / يوافق
red-handed in the act of doing something wrong يقوم بعمل خاطئ /
متلبس بالجرم
out of the blue
unexpectedly / apparently from nowhere
بشكل مفاجئ
Study the following sentences and answer the questions that follow each one:
1. what she has just said made me see red.
What does the underlined colour idiom mean ? ……………………………………..
2. I was shocked when I heard the news. It came completely out of the blue.
What does the underlined colour idiom mean ? ……………………………………..
3. My neighbor have made a accident, so some people came unexpectedly.
Replace the underlined phrase by giving the suitable colour idiom…………………
4. Luckily, the police arrived and the thief was caught get the green light.
Replace the underlined misused colour idiom with the suitable one ………………………………………………………………………………………….
Phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs
English Meaning
Arabic Meaning cope with to deal successfully with, or handle a situation يتعامل مع
bounce back
to start to be successfully again after a difficult time
النهوض بعد الفشل
focus on to direct your attention or effort at something specific يركز على
speak to
communicate with
يتواصل مع
rely on to have trust or confidence in something or someone. يعتمد على
Study the following sentences and answer the questions that follow each one:
1. If we teach children to develop positive thinking, and start to be successful again after
a difficult time after a setback.
Replace the underlined phrase by giving the suitable phrasal verb …………………
2. We should focus on all subjects in the secondary grade.
What does the underlined phrasal verb mean ? ……………………………………….
Colour Idiomsمصطلحات الألوان
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• Simile التشبيه
You are as brave as a lion. His beard was likea lion's mane.
• Metaphor الإستعارة
Life is a highway.
The snow is a white blanket.
Time is money.
• Onomatopoeia المحاكاة الصوتية
Everywhere we go we will hear the constant buzz and hum of technology.
He looked at theroaring sky.
• Personification التشخيص
Our computers and mobile phones will take care of us, by telling us when to wake up, eat and sleep.
The storm attacked the town with great rage.
*يأتي نمط الأسئلة الوزارية كالأتي:
1. He smokes like a chimney.
What the rhetorical devices is used in the above sentence? ……………………………
2. The eyes are the windows of the soul.
What the rhetorical devices is used in the above sentence? ……………………………
3. The buzzing bee flew away.
What the rhetorical devices is used in the above sentence? ……………………………
4. The fire swallowed the entire forest.
What the rhetorical devices is used in the above sentence? ……………………………
Rhetorical Devices الأدوات البلاغية
UNIT THREE
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1. Write down a word which has the same meaning of artificial ............................................
2. Write down the synonym word of equipment …………………………
3. Most banks in Jordan fund our big projects.
Replace the underlined word by giving the synonym one …………………………..
Choose the suitable item to complete each of the following sentences.
1.In order to ………….. an idea of how to build the house, I spoke to several architects.
( get , take , make , attend)
2. If someone ………….. your attention, you suddenly notice them.
( get , take , catch , attend)
1. You should always make an interest in everything your child does.
Replace the underlined misused verb "make" with the correct one. …………………....
2. Now I have the choice to make a course with Mr. Taha.
Replace the underlined misused verb " make " with the correct one. ………………....
3. Do you get an idea in your children?
Replace the underlined misused collocation " get an idea " with the suitable one. …………….
apparatus
equipment
آلة / أداة
appendage
Limb
طرف
artificial
prosthetic
صناعي
sponsor
fund
يمول / يدعم
obese
fat
سمنه
Definition
Words with similar meaning
1. describes an object that is manufactured by humans
artificial
prosthetic
2. tools or machines that have a particular purpose
apparatus
equipment
3. to pay for
sponsor
fund
get an idea
تخطر له فكرة
spend a time
يمضي وقتا
catch attention
يلفت الانتباه
attend a course
يلتحق بدورة
take interest
يستغل / يستفيد
Synonymsكلمات متشابهة بالمعنى
Collocations
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* Relative clauses tell us about a person or things we are talking about.
في جمل الوصل عادة ما تبدأ بإحدى ضمائر الوصل التالية:
(who, whose, which, where, ….)
للتحدث عن اسم عاقل في موقع فاعل. (who) تستخدم
I thanked the woman. She helped me.
I thanked the woman who helped me.
للتحدث عن اسم غير عاقل. (which) تستخدم
The movie wasn't very good. We saw it last night.
The movie wasn't very good which we saw last night.
سواء كان الإسم عاقل أم غير عاقل. (that) تستخدم
I thanked the woman that helped me.
The movie that we saw last night wasn't very good.
في حالة الملكية ويجب ان يتبعها اسم. (whose) تستخدم
I know the man. His bicycle was stolen.
I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.
مع الزمن. (when) تستخدم
I 'II never forget the day, I met you on that day.
I 'II never forget the day when I met you.
مع المكان. (where) تستخدم
The building is very old. He lives there.
The building where he lives is very old.
The reason why he resigned is still mysterious. مع السبب . (why)
Choose the suitable relative pronoun from those given in brackets to complete each of the following sentences:
1. My teacher asked me a question …………………. I couldn’t answer.
( who , whose , which)
2. I have a neighbour …………….. dog barks all day long. ( whom , whose , when )
3. He came from Italy ……………. I had spent a holiday.( where , whose , which )
4. The reason ………………. he shouted at the manager is still unknown.
( why , whom , which )
5. She still remembers the day ………………. she first met you.( where , when , whom)
6. IbnSina ……………..is also known as Avicenna was a polymath.
( who , whose , which , where)
7. The walls and huge corner towers of the castle, .…………… was built at the beginning of the fourth century CE, are still standing.
( where , which , when , who )
UNIT FOUR
Relative Clauses – جمل الوصل
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8. Apart from the rooms in the castle, there are also about twenty-three stables ………….. horses may have been kept.
( who , where , which , when )
9. It was the month of Ramadan …….……….. IbnSina died, in June 1037 CE.
( where , which , when , who )
10. Ibn Sina wrote on early Islamic philosophy…………………… included many subjects, especially logic and ethics. ( where , which , when , who )
Use the suitable relative pronoun in the box below for each of the given sentences to make one meaningful sentence from each pair.
1. London is a huge city. It's the capital of the UK.
London, ……………………………………………………………………………..
2. A mathematician is someone. He works with numbers.
A mathematician is someone ………………………………………………………
We can start cleft sentences with the following phrases, among others:
The thing that ………………………. الشيء الذي
The person who ………………………. الشخص الذي
The time when ………………………. للتأكيد على الوقت
The year when / in which ……………. التي السنة
The place where ………………………. المكان للتأكيد على
It ………………………………. انه
نلاحظ أن الطريقة الأولى تأتي على النمط التالي:
The person who
The thing that
The place where
The time when تكملة الجملة + (is / was) + الشيء المؤكد
The year when
The subject which
- Huda won the prize for Art last year.
The person who won the prize for Art last year was Huda.
- Ali graduated from the university of Jordan last year.
The time when Ali graduated from the university of Jordan was last year.
- My family went to the Dead Sea at the weekend.
The place where My family went to at the weekend was the Dead Sea.
- I bought an American car two months ago.
The thing that I bought two months ago was an American car.
who which where