Pronunciation Sentence stress

Pronunciation : Sentence stress

The word in bold in each sentence indicates the stress. How does the meaning of each sentence differ?

a. I retired when I was 60, which was in 1999 CE.
b. I retired when I was 60, which was in 1999 CE.
c. I retired when I was 60, which was in 1999 CE.
d. I retired when I was 60, which was in 1999 CE.

Answers :
a. It was I, not someone else, who retired.
b. I did other things when I was 60, but this is when I retired.
c. I was 60 when I retired not another age.
d. It was in 1999 CE when I retired, not another year in the 1990s.




11

Functions
Cleft Sentences
                         1.to emphasize certain pieces of information .                          
                          - Ahmad is the person who ……
Defining relative clauses
                         1.to identify which particular person, place or thing is being talked about .   –
                         There are many animals which have four legs.
Non-defining relative clauses
                         1.to give more detail about a particular person, place or thing that is being talked about.
                         The Sahara desert, which is in Africa, is very hot.

Functions
Giving Advice
1. Why don't you + V-inf.          2. If I were you, I would            3. You could + V-inf. ….
4. Have you thought about ….. ?  5. It would be a good idea for you to… 6. ought to…    7. Should
 Showing cause  /  reason  :                                                                         ( Linking words )
                           (because / as / since  / because of / due to)       - We were late due to the traffic.  
                                                         

Showing result  /  consequences :                                                                  ( Linking words )
                                                                                                  (therefore/ so /  as a result, / because of that, / consequently)
                             We were caught in traffic, so we missed the start of the play .
                                     
To express regrets about the past :                                                      ( wish = if only + had V3 )
                   
I wish I had done more work for my exam.                       Unreal past forms for past regrets      

 [
To express wishes about the present that are impossible or unlikely to happen     ( wish = if only + V2 )
I wish I knew the answer                                                          Unreal past forms for present wishes

Describe something that always happens after a certain action or event. (the inevitable consequence)
If you boil water , it evaporates                  The zero conditional   (if + Present Simple/Present Simple)    

Describe a future outcome of a certain future action or event
 
If Sami studies hard , he will pass all his exams       The first conditional (if + Present Simple / will + Present Simple)

To imagine past situations :

If I had stayed at home, I would have celebrated.     The third conditional (if + Past Perfect / would have + past participle) :


Giving Advice :  Rewrite the advice, using the words in brackets.

1. You should practise the presentation several times.  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (were)  
2. It would be a good idea for you to make a list of questions.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (could)

3. You ought to get some work experience.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------(don’t)
4. You shouldn’t look too casual.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------(If)                                            
5. You should do a lot of research.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------(would)

6. You shouldn’t worry so much.   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------             (If)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Complete the following mini-dialogues by giving advice :

1. A: I would like to get a job as a teacher of English.                      B: ----------------------- study English at university?

2. A: I want to learn Chinese, but they don’t teach it in my school.           B: You ----------------- do a Chinese course online.

3. A: I don’t understand what we have to do for homework.            B:  -------------------------- , I would ask the teacher.
12

Showing cause :
1. We couldn’t go to the stadium because / as / since there weren’t any tickets left

2. As / Since / Because I was tired, I went to bed.

3. We were late because of  / due to the traffic.

Showing result :
4. We were caught in traffic, therefore / so we missed the start of the play.

5. She worked hard; as a result,  / because of that,  / consequently, she did very well in her exams


We couldn't go to the stadium since there weren't any tickets left.
What is the function of using since in the above sentence ? -------------------------------------------------------------- 2016

Choose the correct answer :

1. We were late ---------------------------  the traffic.                                    ( because   -  as  -  since  -  due to )

2.  ---------------------------I was tired, I went to bed.                                   ( because   -  because of  -  due to )

3. We were caught in traffic, --------------- we missed the start of the play.  ( therefore   -  as a result  -  consequently )

4. She worked hard; --------------------------, she did very well in her exams ( therefore   -         so         -  consequently )
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

                                                    طبيب                        عالم رياضيات                         هندسة             عالم كيمياء           متعدد الثقافة                  حساب                       فيلسوف
Philosopher – arithmetic – Polymath – chemist – geometry – Mathematician – physician

1. My father teaches Maths. He's a ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 You must not take in medicine without consulting a --------------------------------------------------
3 We learn about shapes, lines and angles when we study ----------------------------------------------
4 Mr Shahin is a true , working in all kinds of creative and scientific fields--------------------------
5 Ramzi is very good with numbers and calculations. He always scores high in --------------------
6 A is someone who thinks and writes about the meaning of life---------------------------------------
Answers :  1- mathematician 2- physician 3- geometry 4- polymath 5- arithmetic 6- philosopher
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

                      نفايات              متجدد                  طاقة                     مشاة                     محايد                صديق            خالي           انبعاث                  مزارع              فائدة
benefit – farms – footprint – free – friendly – neutral – pedestrian – power – renewable – waste

1. In hot countries, solar------------------------- is an important source of energy.
2. Green projects are environmentally ------------------------
3. Wind -------------------------- are an example of --------------------------------------- energy.
4. If a city recycles everything and doesn't throw anything away, it is zero ----------------------
5. We burn carbon whenever we use oil, coal or gas. This is known as our carbon ----------------------
6. If we replace as much carbon as we burn, we are carbon----------------------------.
7. A place where no cars are allowed is a car ---------------. Zone, and it is -------------------- friendly.
Answers : 1 power  2 friendly  3 farms; renewable  4 waste  5 footprint  6 neutral  7 free; pedestrian
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


               سجل الداء                           سابق                         مستعد                           صبور                        يفاوض                             خلاف                                 يحل الخلاف
 ( compromise       -      conflict     -       negotiate     -     patient     -     prepared    -   previous    -   track record )

1. When you talk about business and try to do a deal, you _____________.
2. When you are ready for something, you are _____________ for it.
3. When you can prove that you have experience, you have a _____________.
4. When two sides disagree and argue, there is _____________.
5. When each side changes their position a little so that they can agree, they have managed to__________.
6. When you stay calm and take your time, you are being _____________.
Answers : 1 negotiate  2 prepared   3 track record   4 conflict    5. compromise    6. Patient

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
                                         
                                              ترجمة                         مجزي                   اقليمي                      ندوة                يترجم فوري                  سماعات                   مهنة
                   ( career  -  headphones  -  interpret  -  seminar  -  regional  -  rewarding  -  translation )

1. Please listen to the music through ------------------------------, so that you don’t disturb anybody.
2. I have just read a ------------------------------of a book by a Japanese author.
3. In the UK, there is a central government, but there are also ------------------------ councils around the country.
4. My uncle is fluent in several languages. He is often able to ---------------------- for us during  conversations with foreigners.
5. Nada made a successful presentation at a----------------------------------in Irbid last month.
6. Doing volunteer work can be a very------------------------------ experience.
Answers : 1. headphones   2. translation     3. regional     4. interpret     5. seminar      6. rewarding
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                        اجتماع                      اتفاق                    مهنة              مسؤول                           ناجح                           مجزي                       امن                        ارتياح                          ياخذ
          ( taking  - satisfaction  - secure  - rewarding  - successful  - responsible - job - agreement  - meeting )

1. Ali is thinking of  -------------------------------a course in Agriculture.
2. I get a feeling of ----------------------------- after a hard day’s work.
3. Make sure your online passwords are -------------------------------------------.
4. In order to work in fi nance, you need to be a very ----------------------------------- person.
5. My friend has just got a ------------------------------------- at our local bank.
6. After a long ------------------------------------ , we managed to do a deal.
Answers : 1. taking   2. satisfaction     3. secure    4. responsible     5. job     6. meeting
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Complete the text with the suitable words derived from the words in brackets:

Madaba is the place where most Jordanian weavers buy their raw materials. Sheep‘s wool, and goat and camel hair are used by Bedouin tribes and villagers all over Jordan to (1) ----------------  (product) rugs, bags and other beautiful items. (2)--------------------- (Traditional), the whole process is done by hand, from the washing of the wool to the finished article. There is a particular Bedouin style of (3)----------------- (weave) that buyers find very (4)----------------  (attraction). Another craft practised in Madaba is the (5)----------------------- (creative) of ceramic items.

Answers : 1. produce 2. Traditionally 3. weaving 4. attractive 5. creation

_____________________________________________________________________

___________________________


Applying for a job at a pharmaceutical company.   Read and complete the two curriculum vitaes

Dear Sir/Madam,
I would like to apply for the position of researcher at your pharmaceutical company. As can be seen from the enclosed curriculum vitae that I have a degree in Chemistry. Furthermore, I have worked as a shop assistant at a chemist’s, so I know a lot about this industry.

I also have a qualification in Journalism and have worked previously for a scientifi c journal.
I have excellent research skills.

In my spare time, I help elderly people, and I can see the difference that medicines can make to their lives. I am very keen to join a company that can really help people.

I look forward to hearing from you concerning the next stage of my application.

Yours faithfully,
Tareq Hakim
سيدي العزيز / سيدتي ،
أود أن اتقدم بطلب للحصول على وظيفة  باحث في شركة الأدوية الخاصة بكم . كما يتبين من السيرة الذاتية المرفقة التي تبين ان لدي شهادة جامعية في الكيمياء . وعلاوة على ذلك ، لقد عملت كمساعد بائع في الصيدلية ، لذلك انا اعرف الكثير عن هذه الصناعة .

ولدي أيضا  مؤهل في الصحافة وعملت سابقا في مجلة علمية . لدي مهارات ممتازة في مجال البحث .

في وقت فراغي ، اساعد كبار السن ، وأستطيع أن أرى الفرق الذي تعمله الأدوية  لحياتهم . أنا حريص جدا على الانضمام الى الشركة التي يمكن أن تساعد الناس فعلا .

وإنني أتطلع إلى الاستماع منكم (الرد) بشأن المرحلة المقبلة من طلبي .

المخلص لك،
طارق الحكيم
Contact details                     - Name       - Personal attributes          - Qualifications and training  -
Skills and achievements                         - Work experience              - Reference  -

curriculum vitaes Headings
- Tareq Hakim Name
- 5 - North Street , Ajloun.
- 2009 – 2012  : shop assistant at a chemist’s    /    2012–2014: reporter for Medicine Today   2014 –  now  : editor at a scientific journal.
- Degree in Chemistry   (graduated 2008)          ; Certificate in Journalism      (2011).
- Captain of school basketball team;
   Voluntary work for a charity that helps elderly people.
- I am a conscientious worker and I am very enthusiastic about working in pharmaceuticals
- Osama Hayek, Chemistry teacher at my secondary school.
13

Comprehension
1.  Write down two .  /  Mention two .  /  There are two ……………. . Write them down .

2.  Write down two .  /  Mention two .  /  There are two ……………. . Write them down .

3. Quote the sentence which indicates (shows / states / tells) that ---------- . Write down the sentence……..

4.  Find a word / a phrasal verb which means ……………. . / which have the same meaning of …………

5. What does the underlined pronoun "it"  /  he  /  they …… refer to ?

6. ………………………. . Explain this statement , and in two sentences, write down your point of view.

Answer :  I think ------------------------------------------ because + S + V  ------------------------------------------------------ .
                  Also , -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

7. Suggest three--------- / Mention three ---------------  ( reasons / results / advantages / disadvantages / ways …. )
   
    I suggest :

-  Increasing awareness           - Developing skills        - Developing abilities        - Using social media   - Decreasing --------------

- Saving time and effort          - Preparing                    - Trying hard                     - Keeping trying        - Doing -------------       -

- Being careful                        - Helping ----------        - Increasing ------------       - Making ------------   - Developing -------------
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  

كلمات مهمة في القطع
disadvantages advantages اسباب         causes اسباب        reasons طرق      methods طرق               ways

 منشات     facilities اختلاف  differences اقتراح  suggestions  عوامل       factors حلول        solutions نتائج        results

تغيرات     changes مهارات          skills انجازاتachievements عقاب punishments  مشاكل   problems صعوبات  difficulties

 مجالات      aspects افكار              ideas ميزات characteristics    اهداف aims                        صفات     qualities ميزات        features

consequences انواع             types انواع            kinds  امثلة     examples conditions ظروف   مشاكل       troubles

reasons /  causes effects /  impact يؤثر       influence يصف        describe goals  /  purposes اهداف    objectives

 يشير الى   indicate اقتبس            quote اوجد               find كلمة word                فقرة paragraph نص                  text

 تحته خط underlined جملة         sentence يفضل          prefer  تبين              state يبين              show يخبر                  tell

 التالي     following  وفقا ل  according اذكر         mention اقترح         suggest  علل            justify اكتب    write down

نظرة              view  خطوات         steps  يعني            mean اوصف      describe



______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  


















14

The importance of Islamic achievements in history

Jabir ibn Hayyan (born 722 CE, died 815 CE)
The Arab world has many famous chemists in its history, but the person who is known as the founder of chemistry is probably Jabir ibn Hayyan. He is most well known for the beginning of the production of sulphuric acid. He also built a set of scales which changed the way in which chemists weighed items in a laboratory: his scales could weigh items over 6,000 times smaller than a kilogram.
1. Who is Jabir bin Hayyan ?    He is the founder of Chemistry .    ( A famous Arab chemist )

2.  Mention two of his achievements : a. The production of sulphuric acid. b. He also built a set of scales

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ali ibn Nafi ’ (Ziryab) (born 789 CE, died 857 CE)
Ali ibn Nafi ’ is also known as ‘Ziryab’ (or ‘Blackbird’, because of his beautiful voice). He was a gifted pupil of a famous musician from Baghdad, and it was his talent for music that led him to Cordoba in the ninth century CE. He was the guest of the Umayyad ruler there. He is the person who established the first music school in the world in Cordoba, Al-Andalus, teaching musical harmony and composition. revolutionized musical theory, and is also the person who introduced the oud to Europe.

1.  Mention two of Ali Bin Nafi's achievements :
     a. He established the first music school in the world .    b. He introduced the oud to Europe.
2. What is the purpose of establishing the music school?        
   Teaching musical harmony and composition.
3. Why did Ali Ibn Nafi' go to Cordoba ? What led him to Cordoba ?       His talent for music
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Fatima al-Fihri (born early 9th century, died 880 CE)
Fatima al-Fihri was the daughter of a wealthy businessman. She used her father’s inheritance to build a learning centre in Fez, Morocco. This learning centre became Morocco’s top university, and it is where many students from all over the world come to study. Moreover, it was Fatima’s sister, Mariam, who supervised the building of the Andalus Mosque, which was not far from the learning centre.

1. What was the achievement of Fatima al-Fihri ?    She built a learning centre in Fez, Morocco.  

2. What was the achievement of Fatima's sister Mariam ? She supervised the building of the Andalus Mosque.
3. How did Fatma build the learning centre ?          inheritance : Things you give others after death                  
    She used her father’s inheritance.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Al-Kindi (born around 801 CE, died 873 CE)

Al-Kindi was a physician, philosopher, mathematician, chemist, musician and astronomer – a true polymath. He made ground-breaking discoveries in many of these fields, but it is probably his work in arithmetic and geometry that has made him most famous.

1. What was AlKindi good at ?      
    Al-Kindi was a physician, philosopher, mathematician, chemist, musician and astronomer.  

2. What made him most famous ?    His work in arithmetic and geometry that has made him most famous

3. What is his achievement ?            He made ground-breaking discoveries in many fields.

4.  Quote the sentence which indicates that AlKindi has a lot of knowledge about many different subjects.
"Al-Kindi was a physician, philosopher, mathematician, chemist, musician and astronomer – a true polymath.

Arabic Meaning in English Key Word
الحساب – the study of numbers Arithmetic
الهندسة the study of relationships and measurement of points, lines, curves and surfaces Geometry
عالم رياضيات a person who studies Mathematics to a very complex level Mathematician
فيلسوف someone who studies and writes philosophy professionally Philosopher
فيزيائي someone qualified to practice medicine, ( a doctor )   Physician
متعدد الثقافة someone who has a lot of knowledge about many different subjects - expert Polymath
موهبة Special ability talent
مؤسس The person who starts something new founder
مقياس An instrument to measure weight scale
مختبر A room for scientific experiment laboratory
جذري - جديد new Ground-breaking
15
Masdar City – a positive step?

Mega projects are extremely large investment projects, which are designed to encourage economic growth and bring new benefits to cities. Although megaprojects vary in terms of size and cost, they are all, by definition, expensive, public projects that attract a high level of interest and media coverage. Projects range from motorways, airports, stations, tunnels, bridges, to entire city complexes. etc.

1. The writer states two benefits of creating megaprojects. Write them down.
    a. They encourage economic growth.    b. They bring new benefits to cities.

2.  What do mega projects have in common ? = disadvantages  :     They are expensive, public projects.
3.  The text provides many examples of mega projects . Mention two .
     Motorways, airports, stations, tunnels, bridges and entire city complexes.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The concept of a megaproject is always based on the benefits it brings to a community. However, many megaprojects have been criticised because of their negative effects on a community or the environment. This essay will look at issues with regard to Masdar City, a megaproject in Abu Dhabi.

1. What are the disadvantage of mega projects ?      
    They have negative effects on a community and the environment.     2. expensive
2.  Quote the sentence which shows the main reason to criticize mega projects ?
    "However, many megaprojects have been criticised because of their negative effects on a community or the environment."
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Masdar City, which began its development in 2006 CE, will be the world’s first carbon-neutral, zero waste artificially-created city. Covering an area of six square kilometres, when it is completed in 2025 CE, it is expected to house more than 40,000 residents, 50,000 commuters, and 1,500 businesses involved in mainly environmentally-friendly products. The city will run entirely on renewable energy sources. It is built on an advanced energy grid which monitors exactly how much electricity is being used by every outlet in the complex.

1. What makes Masdar city environmentally-friendly city ?
    a. Masdar City will be the world’s first carbon-neutral, zero waste artificially-created city.
    b. Masdar City will have environmentally-friendly products.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Furthermore, in order to reduce its carbon footprint, Masdar City will be a car-free zone, designed to be pedestrian and cycle-friendly. Electric, driverless cars will operate as public transport vehicles, and the city will be connected to other locations by a network of roads and railways. .

1. There are many procedures that will be implemented to reduce carbon footprint in Masdar city. Mention two.
    a. Masdar City will be a car-free zone, designed to be pedestrian and cycle-friendly.
    b. Electric, driverless cars will operate as public transport vehicles.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Energy will be provided by solar power and wind farms, and there are also plans to build the world’s largest hydrogen plant. A desalination plant will be used to provide the city’s water, with 80% of water used being recycled. Biological waste will be used as an energy source too, and industrial waste will be recycled. The current residents of Masdar City are all students at the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, a university whose students are fully committed to finding solutions to the world’s energy problems. While the project has the support of many global, environmental and conservation Organisations, there is some criticism of it. It is felt that, instead of building an Artificial sustainable city, sustainability should be made a priority of existing cities.

1. Certain power resources will supply Masdar City with energy. Write down two of these resources .
      1. Solar power         2.  wind farms     3. a hydrogen plant     4. Biological waste.
2. Name two materials that will be recycled in Masdar city.  1. water  :  80%    2. industrial waste
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In conclusion, the benefits of Masdar City for the community and the environment greatly outweigh any disadvantages. If the aims of the developers are realised, Masdar City will be a blueprint for future urban planning that will inspire similar megaprojects in other countries.

1. What will happen if the aims of the developers are realized ?
    Masdar City will be a blueprint for future urban planning that will inspire similar megaprojects in other countries.
خالي من النفايات producing no waste zero-waste
تحلية The process of removing salt from sea water so that it can be used again desalination
ينتقد To evaluate or analyse – not approved criticise
اعادة صناعة, تدوير reuse recycle
يفوق - اهم To be more important than something else                                               16 outweigh
Ibn Bassal

Ibn Bassal was a writer, a scientist and an engineer who lived in Al-Andalus in the eleventh century CE. He worked in the court of Al-Ma’mun, who was the king of Toledo.  His great passions were botany, which is the study of plants and agriculture. Although he was a great scholar, he was also a practical man and all of his writing came from his own "hands-on" experience of working the land.

1. What was Ibn Bassal famous for ?          Writing  -  Science  -  engineering  -  botany
2. What is "botany" ?                                      The study of plants and agriculture.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


One of the many things which Ibn Bassal achieved was A Book of Agriculture. The book consisted of sixteen chapters which explain how best to grow trees, fruit and vegetables, as well as herbs and sweet smelling flowers; perhaps the most famous chapter of all was the one that described how to treat different types of soil. Ibn Bassal also worked out how to irrigate the land by finding underground water and digging wells. He designed water pumps and irrigation systems. All of these things were passed on through his writing.


1. Name two of Ibn Bassal Achievements ?  
    Writing a book of agriculture     –    designing water pumps    –    irrigation systems.
     Finding underground water        -    digging wells
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________----------------------------------------------------------------------------____________________________________________________________

The influence of Ibn Bassal’s book was enormous. As farmers down the generations followed his instructions and advice, the land became wonderfully fertile and produced more than enough food for the fast-growing population. The irrigation systems that he and his followers put in place are still in evidence in Spain. Although his name is not widely known, Ibn Bassal’s legacy to the world has been great.

1. Why did the land become fertile and produced more than enough food for the fast-growing population.  ?
     As farmers down the generations followed his instructions and advice
2. Why do you think the area around Toledo had  "a fast-growing population"?
    Because the area was producing a lot of food as a result of Ibn Bassel's irrigation system.
3. Suggest three possible reasons that made the population there be a fast-growing population.
    - fertile soil     -   good climate   -   good farmers   -  productivity of the land  -  water wells

Arabic Meaning in English Key Word
يسقي supply land with water irrigate
ارض خصبة produced more than enough food fertile land
عمل يدوي field working – working by hand hands on
تركة what someone leaves to the world after his death legacy

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    2017صادرات وواردات بلدنا                     Our country’s imports and exports (SB, p.66)

In this report, we (researchers) will look at the countries that (countries) Jordan trades with and what goods it (Jordan) exports and imports.

First, let’s look at exports. Jordan is rich in potash and phosphate, and the extraction industry for these minerals is one of the largest in the world. Not surprisingly, two of Jordan’s largest exports are chemicals and fertilisers. Pharmaceuticals and other industries represent 30% of Jordan’s Gross Domestic Product(GDP), and 75% of Jordan’s pharmaceuticals are exported. However, the majority (65%) of the economy is dominated by services, mostly travel and tourism. Most of Jordan’s exports go to Iraq, the USA, India and Saudi Arabia.


Now let’s look at imports. Unlike some other countries in the Middle East, Jordan does not have large oil or gas reserves. For that reason, Jordan has to import oil and gas for its (Jordan's) energy needs. Its (Jordan's) other main imports are cars, medicines and wheat. In 2013 CE, 23.6 % of Jordan’s imports were from Saudi Arabia. This (23.6 …..) was followed by the EU, with 17.6 % of its imports. Other imports have come from China and the United States.


Jordan has more free trade agreements than any other Arab country, and it trades freely with many countries, including the USA, Canada and Malaysia. Which other areas are important for Jordan’s trade? Jordan first signed a trade agreement with the EU in 1997 CE. It (Jordan )signed a free trade agreement with Egypt, Morocco and Tunisian in 2004 CE. In 2011 CE, another trade agreement was made with the EU, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. Trade with the EU and North Africa in particular is likely to grow.
17
Our country's exports and imports
اتفاقیة promise to do something agreement
محلي happening in one particular country domestic  
یھیمن -یسیطر to be the most important feature of something dominate
صادرات goods sold to another country   exports
استخراج / استخلاص removing something from something else extraction
سماد a substance that is put on the land to make crops grow fertiliser
بضائع things that are produced in order to be sold goods
إجمالي الناتج المحلي a country’s total output of goods and services   Gross Domestic Product
واردات goods bought from other countries imports
معدن a substance that is present in some foods    /  a substance that is found in the earth mineral
شركات أدویة companies which produce medicine pharmaceuticals
مخزون something kept back or set aside reserve

1. Mention two minerals (resources) that Jordan is rich in  (famous for ) .         Potash and  phosphate.
2. Jordan is famous for exporting many minerals.  Write down two of them.     Chemical and fertilizers.
3. Jordan's exports go to many countries . Write down two of them. Iraq, the USA, India and Saudi Arabia.
4. The majority of the economy is dominated by services. Mention two . a. travel    b. tourism
5. Why does Jordan import a lot of oil and gas? Because it does not have enough of oil and gas.
6. Jordan imports many different materials. Mention them.    Oil , gas , cars, medicines and wheat.
7. Where do Jordan's imports come from ? Saudi Arabia, the EU, China and the United States.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The world of business - 7
This is an interview with a Jordanian businessman about his experiences in China.
Doing business in China

Today, we (interviwer) talk to Mr Ghanem, a businessman based in Amman who (Mr Ghanem) often visits China. We asked him (Mr Ghanem) when he first started doing business with China.

‘I’ve been doing business with China for many years. My first trip there was in 2004 CE, and it (first trip) was not very successful.’

Why was it not successful?
‘I worked for a small computer company in Amman. They( a small computer company)  sent me to China when I was still quite young. If only ( If only = I wish ) the company had realised that the Chinese respect age and experience more than youth!’

Did you make any mistakes on that visit?
‘Yes! I wish I had researched Chinese culture before I visited the country. In order to be successful in China, you need to earn their (Chinese people) respect ( disrespect = opposite ). Chinese business people will always ask about a company’s successes in the past. However, because I worked for a new company, I could not talk about its ( a new company) track record. We (Mr Ghanem's company) did not do any business deals on that first trip.’

When did you learn how to be successful in China?
‘I joined a larger company and they (a large company) sent me on a cultural awareness course. On my next visit to China, it (the next visit to China) felt as if I hadn’t known anything on my first visit!’

What advice can you give to people wanting to do business in China?
‘Before I visit a company, I send recommendations from previous clients. I also send my business card with my job position and qualifications translated into Chinese.’

Can you tell us about your last meeting in China?
‘Of course! I arrived on time. You must not arrive late, as this shows disrespect. Then, when I met the company director, I shook hands with him gently. I began the meeting by making small talk about my interesting experiences in China. During the meeting, I made sure that my voice and body language were calm and controlled. I never told a joke, as this may not be translated correctly or could cause offence.’

Is it a successful meeting?
‘Yes, it was. I knew that the director had researched my business thoroughly before the meeting, so I was prepared for his (the director ) detailed questions. When I began negotiating, I started with the important issues. The Chinese believe in avoiding conflict. It is always important to be patient. I was prepared to compromise, so in the end, the meeting was successful.’                     18
The world of business – Doing business in China  - 11
يعقد صفقة an agreement in business do a deal
يقدم بطاقة اعماال To give someone a card that shows a business person's name, position and contact details give a business card
يصافح To move someone's hand up and down in a greeting shake hands
يعمل حوار بسيط to have an informal chat with someone make small talk
يقول نكتة to say something to make people laugh tell a joke
قادر على الاجابة على اسئلة مفصلة the ability to understand complicated questions be able to answer detailed questions
يفاوض to discuss something in order to reach an agreement, especially in business or politics negotiate
سجل الأداء a person’s or organisation’s past achievements track record

1. Why wasn't his first trip successful ? He was young without enough experience about China.
2. There are two element (factors) that the Chinese consider more than youth . a. age      b. experience
3. What were his mistakes in the first visit to China ? He hadn't been on a cultural awareness course.      
4. Mr Ghanem does two things before doing business . Mention them.
    a - He sends recommendations from previous clients.
    b- He also sends his business card with his job position and qualifications translated into Chinese.’
5. You mustn't tell jokes during the meeting with Chinese ? Mention 2 reasons.    
      - They may not be translated correctly         - They could cause offence.
6. Write two pieces of advice to avoid conflict with Chinese .
      - It is always important to be patient.      - You should be prepared to compromise.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Stepping into the business world - 6

Business Studies is a popular choice for students who (students) are choosing a degree course in the UK. After graduating, some (students) go on to further study, but most of them (students) take up employment. Many large companies offer graduate training schemes, which (graduate training scheme) are a kind of apprenticeship. We went to meet twenty-two-year-old Ricky Miles, who (Ricky Miles) is about to graduate in the subject.

How long have you (Ricky Miles) been studying Business Studies, Ricky?
It’s a four-year course, including two periods of work experience. Each one (period of work experience) lasted six months, but they (two periods of work experience) weren’t in the same year.

What exactly have you studied over those four years ?
Quite a lot! Maths, of course, Accounting ,Finance and Economics. Oh yes ,Marketing and Sales, too. I (Ricky Miles) also did a course in Management, which (a course of management ) is about recruiting and managing staff, and how to deal with conflict, and a course in Advertising. We (students) all had
 to do IT, too, because computer skills are essential  .

What did you most enjoy about the degree ?
The work experience, definitely. I learnt so much, both times, and of course it (work experience ) looks great on my curriculum vitae  . One of the companies offered me paid work last summer, so I managed to get even more experience that way. Also, I wouldn't have had much money last year if I hadn't had that job!

What kind of company was that, and what did you do there (in a company )?

It was a company that (a company ) provides financial products – savings and pensions, mostly. At first I just ‘shadowed’ different people, watching what they (different people) were doing  . Then I did quite a lot of checking for them (different people ) – you know, checking their (different people ) calculations. When I went back in the summer, I was in the sales department. My job was to follow up web enquiries, and send out further information to possible clients . I enjoyed it (Rickey's job) , and I wouldn't have had that opportunity if I hadn't done the work experience first.

 What are you planning to do next ?
I’ve just applied for a job with a bank. I have the right qualifications, but I know there will be a lot of other applicants. I’ll just have to wait and see if I get an interview. If I do, I’ll have to prepare really carefully.

Stepping into the business world - 10
تسويق promoting your product;  finding customers marketing
تعيين موظفين جدد finding suitable employees recruiting
تقاعد money you save over your lifetime to pay for your old age pensions
حسابات maths; work with numbers calculations
اسئلة عن طريق النت online questions web enquiries
19
1. How did he spend a quarter of his time as a student?   Doing work experience.
2. After doing a degree course in business studies , you can do two things. Mention them.
       - Some  go on to further study.      - Most of them take up employment.
3. Taking a course in management is about three things.  Mention them.
    - recruiting       -    managing staff    -   how to deal with conflict
4. Mention two examples about financial products .   Savings and pensions
5. What was Ricky's work in the sales department ?
      His job was to follow up web enquiries, and send out further information to possible clients .
6. Write down two things (benefits) as a result of Ricky's paid work last summer ?
       - He managed to get even more experience and more money .
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Whether you’re selling a new type of toothpaste to a chain of pharmacies, the latest computer software to a school or a new kind of package holiday to a travel agency – you need to know …

كیف تقوم بعرض المبیعات  (خطاب بيع)                   How to make a sales pitch
قم بإجراء بحثك    1. Do your research

Don't come away from a sales pitch wishing you had been better prepared. It is essential to know everything about your product. Do you know when it (your product) was developed, and where
it (your product)  is produced? You also need to know who the target market is – for example, the age group or income of the people who (people )  might buy it (your product). Not only that, you should know all about the competition – that is, similar products on the market. Why is your product superior to others (other products) and why does it (your product) have better value?

In addition, you should know exactly which people you are speaking to, and what their (people) needs are. For example, if they (people) represent a middle-class department store in a humble neighbourhood, be ready to explain why your particular product would suit customers who (customers) do not have lots of money. What makes your product perfect for them (customers)? Most of all, you need to believe in what you’re selling, and the best way to do that is to use it!

حضر نفسك وتدرّب     2. Prepare and practice

Plan your presentation carefully, not just what you will say, but how you will say it
(your presentation). Will you read it word by word, use notes or memorise it?Whatever you decide, it is always a good idea to have a list of your main points, in case something interrupts you, or you simply freeze with nerves (it happens!). Then practise it (your presentation), if possible in front of colleagues. Make changes and practise it again.

كن محترفا   3. Be professional

Keep your presentation short and simple. Start with some friendly comments. For example ,thank your hosts for allowing you to speak to them (hosts), and compliment their (hosts) company. Remember to speak slowly and clearly. It is important to appear confident (even if you’re nervous!). While you’re speaking, don’t keep your head down.  Instead, look round the room and make eye contact with your audience .Smile! When you’ve finished speaking, invite questions. If you don’t know the answers, don’t pretend! Thank the questioner and promise to find out the answer (and do it (finding out the answers)!). Finally, have a summary of your presentation ready to hand out at the end of the session. I wish I had known all this (information of experience) when I started out in business! Good luck!.

How to make a sales pitch ? - 13
حزمة رحلة an organised trip with everything package holiday
خطاب بيع a presentation to sell a product sales pitch
السوق المستهدف customers target market
الفئة العمرية a set of people of similar age age group
متجر لسلع مختلفة a large shop department store
خطاب البيع promises that someone makes to try to persuade someone to buy something sales pitch (n)
ماكینات machines machinery (n)
ملابس صوفیة clothing made from wool knitwear    (n)
بشكل توسعي in a way to cover or affect a large area extensively (adv)
تسويق The study of selling products to customers                                                                     20 marketing

1. Give two examples for knowing the target market. - The age group      - The income of the people
2. How could you plan your presentation carefully ?  Mention two ways .
    - Know what you will say in your presentation.    - Know how you will say it.
3. You can say your presentation in three different ways. Mention them .
    - Read it word by word.     - Use notes.    - Memorise it.
4. Why is it a good idea (recommended) to have a list of your main points ?   Two reasons :
     - In case something interrupts you        - or you simply freeze with nerves.
5. Your presentation should have two qualities . Mention them .       a - short     b - simple
6. Mention two examples about starting with some friendly comments.
      - Thank your hosts for allowing you to speak to them        - Compliment their company.
7. How can we make a sales pitch ?
     - Doing our research            - Preparing and practicing               - Being professional
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Career choices  - 9
Fatima Musa is talking about her career as an interpreter. Listen and read. Check your answers to exercise 1.

My job as an interpreter
My name is Fatima Musa and I (Fatima) have worked as an interpreter for five years. Many students have emailed me (Fatima) about my work because they (students) want to know what it would be like to do my (Fatima) job. So here is my reply.


I (Fatima) have always been fond of languages. My father worked in many different countries when I (Fatima) was young and we usually travelled with him(Fatima's father). When we visited a country, I always wanted to learn the language. At school I was very good at English. Therefore, I decided on a career as an interpreter.

My job now involves going to important conferences and seminars around the world. When a person speaks in English at a conference, I listen to what they say through headphones. I then translate into Arabic while the speaker is talking. I give the translation through headphones to other people at the meeting. This means that anyone in the room who speaks Arabic can understand what people are saying.


Is it an easy job? Not at all. English is not the same in all English-speaking countries. For example, the English words that are used in India are sometimes different to the words that people use in the UK, the USA or Australia. As well as knowing regional English, you also need to know a lot of specialist language. Some of the words that (the words) are used to talk about business, science or law, for example, make it almost a different language!

Unless you have a language degree, you will not be able to become an interpreter. Provided that you have a postgraduate qualification, you will probably get a job as an interpreter quite quickly. If you get an interview for a job, you will need to show that you have good listening skills and a clear speaking voice. You will also need to show that you can think quickly and that you are able to concentrate for long periods of time. If you are successful, it is a secure and rewarding job. You will probably need to travel a lot, but that is not a problem as long as you enjoy visiting other countries.

It is a very responsible job. I am aware that if I translate things badly, it could affect an important law or trade agreement between countries. However, you get a huge feeling of satisfaction when you know that people understand everything that you translate.
Career Choices - 12
مترجم someone who translates spoken words from one language into another interpreter
مولع ب liking for someone or something fond of
ندوة a class on particular subject – given in training seminar
سماعات a piece of equipment that you wear over your ears to listen to the radio, music headphones
اقليمي - محلي relating to a particular region or area regional
تركيز attention concentration
امن safe – free from danger secure
مجزي giving personal satisfaction rewarding
21
1. Quote the sentence which indicates that Fatima likes languages.      I have always been fond of languages.
2. What qualifications should you have to become an interpreter ? a language degree.
3. How can you get a job as an interpreter quite quickly? If you have a postgraduate qualification.
4. There are some qualities an interpreter should have . What are they ? ( successful in an interview)
     - good listening skills  -  a clear speaking voice. - Think quickly . Concentrate for long periods of time.
5. Mention two benefits for the job of an interpreter. Secure and rewarding job.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Meaning in English Word Meaning in English Word
the study of languages Linguistics the science or practice of farming Agriculture
the study of selling products Marketing the study of building roads, bridges, machines, Engineering
the study of medicines. Pharmacy the study of the chemical structure of the stars Astrophysics
the study of the mind and how it works Psychology the study of money and goods Economics
the study of societies and the behaviour of people in groups. Sociology the study about running a company Business Management
Arabic curriculum vitae. Key Word
قابل للتكيف able to adapt to new conditions or situations                                              achievements adaptable
كفؤ having enough skills or knowledge to do something                                  training competent
حي الضمير showing a lot of care and attention (to a task)                                            contact details conscientious
متحمس showing a lot of interest and excitement about something enthusiastic
متلهف having or showing eagerness or interest (in something) keen
السمات الشخصية a quality or feature that is considered to be good or useful (in a person) personal attributes
مؤهلات official records of achievement after completing a course of study. qualifications
المعرف - المرجع a person who provides information about your character and abilities reference
الخبرة العملية a period of time that someone spends working in a particular place work experience
¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬
Complete the text with the correct word from the box. Sometimes, more than one answer is possible.

That   -    which    -     where   -   who

Qasr Bashir is an extremely well-preserved Roman castle ----------------- is situated in the Jordanian desert, and is about eighty kilometres south of Amman The walls and huge corner towers of the castle, ---------------was built at the beginning of the fourth century CE, are still standing thought that Qasr Bashir was built to protect the Roman border. Apart from the rooms in the castle, there are also about twenty-three stables ---------------------------- horses may have been kept.
People ------------------ love exploring historical Roman ruins will certainly find a visit to Qasr Bashir very rewarding. Once inside the building, one can imagine very vividly what it would have been like to live there during the times of the Roman Empire.

Answers :  which-that  /  which   /  where  /  who
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1- Identify the defining and non-defining relative clauses in the text.

The Giralda
The Giralda tower, which is one of the most important buildings in Seville, Spain, stands at just over 104 metres tall. The person who is believed to be responsible for the design of the tower, which was originally a minaret, is the mathematician and astronomer Jabir ibn Aflah. The architect of the tower was Ahmad Ben Baso, who began work in 1184 CE. He died before the tower was completed in 1198 CE. The design of the tower is believed to be based on the Koutoubia Mosque, which is in Marrakesh, Morocco, and the Hassan Tower in Rabat .
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Complete the text about Ibn Sina, using the relative pronouns in the box one pronoun is used twice.
Add commas for the non- defining relative clauses.                                                                                                         (Activity Book p. 21)

That / when / which / who

Ibn Sina (1) --------------- is also known as Avicenna was a polymath. Ibn Sina was influenced as a young man by the works of the philosopher Aristotle. He wrote on early Islamic philosophy (2) ------------------included many subjects, especially logic and ethics. He also wrote ALQanun fi-Tibb, the book
(3) ------------------ became the most famous medical textbook ever. In the last ten or twelve years of his life, Ibn Sina started studying literary matters. His friends (4) ----------------were worried about his health advised him to relax. He refused and told them ‘I prefer a short life with width to a narrow one with length.’ It was the month of Ramadan (5) ----------------------  Ibn Sina died, in June 1037 CE.
22
Quotations المستوى الثالث


4. From India to Spain, the brilliant civilisation of Islam flourished . Bertrand Russell (1872 CE–1970 CE).
The quotation shows that Islam was leading the way in the world. showing how great a civilization at that time.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 Quotation  المستوى الرابع


9. “Unless the exchange be in love and kindly justice, it will but lead some greed and others to hunger."                                                                                                                   Gibran Khalil Gibran (1883 CE – 1931 CE).
I agree with the quotation. I think that Gibran is talking about trade here. He is taking about mutual respect, and this could be applied to any exchange, as well as trade. He is perhaps commenting on the emergence of capitalism.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. I’ve learned that making a living is not the same thing as making a life.           Maya Angelou (1928 CE–2014 CE)                                                                            
Making a living refers to your job and the money you earn to live on . Making a life is creating a way of living that you want. You do the work in order to be able to have that, but it also depends on your friends and family, and how you decide to behave. So "making a life is not totally dependant on the money you earn"

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



1- Reaching high levels of achievement in the past was more difficult than it is nowadays.
  Think of this statement and , in two sentences , write down your point of view .
   I think this statement is true because of the advanced in modern technology like the social media.
  Also, in the past, there didn't use to be good schools and universities and supportive organizations.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why do you think the area around Toledo had  "a fast-growing population"?
    Because the area was producing a lot of food as a result of Ibn Bassel's irrigation system.
  _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Suggest three possible reasons that made the population there be a fast-growing population.
    - fertile soil     -   good climate   -   good farmers   -  productivity of the land  -  water wells
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Success needs tiredness . Explain .

I think you have to work hard, train and learn more in order to be successful.
Also, you can be successful by developing your skills in various fields.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Knowing about the culture of the country before visiting it is very important .
    Mention three problems you may face.
    -  Behaving wrongly and saying bad things.        -  Talking about different and wrong subjects.
    -  Not understanding their needs.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. How can we decrease or stop importing wheat from other countries. Suggest .
     a. Encouraging farmers by offering them money and fertilizers.
     b. Giving deserted lands to farmers freely.                               d. Helping farmers by offering them new machines.
     c. Stopping building in fertile lands.                                        e. Finding underground water and digging new wells.. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Suggest three ways to decrease Jordan's imports of oil and gas from other countries .
     a. Decreasing the use of electricity in our homes, factors , schools and public places.
     b. Using solar energy and wind farms. (renewable sources)
     c. Using public transports instead of cars in our travels.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Why do countries need to export and import goods?
     - They export goods to increase the economy and make money.
     - They import goods that are few and rare and not made in the country.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9.  Why should our community buy Jordanian goods?
      To support Jordanian economy and industries.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Would you like to do the same kind of degree course as Ricky? Why/Why not?
     Yes, I would. Because by studying  business, you can learn and improve many skills and this pens many career             prospects for you.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
11. What should new graduates do ? Suggest .
       - Accept the little – paid jobs
       - Look for a new work with a better salary in a larger company.
       - Trying to take graduate training schemes.
       - Taking different courses in different fields.
23
Level 3
1. If you boil water, it --------------------------- .
a- will evaportae             b- evaporate                 c- would evaporate        d- evaporates

2. If Sami studies hard, he ------------------------- all his exams.
a- pass                              b- passes                      c- will pass                       d- would pass

3. If I ------------------------- you, I would send a text message .
a- was                               b- were                        c- am                                 d- had

4. If Ali --------------- his own computer, he wouldn't need to use his friend's computer.
a- has                               b- have                        c- had had                         d- had

5. ----------------- the "Internet of Things" will make our life easier, it will make many problems to privacy.
a- Therefore                       b- However                     c- Although                            d- In addition

6. On the one hand, life would be easier. ---------------------------, we will have less privacy and security.
a- Therefore                       b- However                    c- Although                             d- On the other hand

7. Lights will go on and off automatically. ----------------------------------, we will save energy.
a- Therefore                       b- However                    c- Although                             d- On the other hand

8. I told you about the man ----------------------- lives next door.
a- who                            b- which                       c- where                         d- whose

9. Do you see the tiger ----------------------- is lying on the roof ?
a- who                            b- which                       c- where                         d- whose

10. The city --------------------- we met Ali is very beautiful.
a- who                            b- which                       c- where                         d- whose

11. I live in the city --------------------- is surrounded by many mountains .
a- who                            b- which                       c- where                         d- whose

12. I know the minister --------------------- brother is my friend .
a- who                            b- which                       c- where                         d- whose

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13. If I were you, I --------------------- study harder
a- will                                    b- would have          c- would be                               d- would

14. Ali did not pass his exams. If only he --------------- harder last year.  
a- studied                             b- studies                   c- has studied                          d- had studied
15. It was too hot to go to the beach yesterday. If only it --------------------- cooler.    
a- were                                 b- was                         c- had been                              d- has been

16. I feel ill. I wish I ----------------------- so many sweets!    
a- had eaten                         b- hadn't eaten          c- ate                                         d- didn't eat

17. Ziad is not very good at basketball.     He wishes he ------------------------------ taller!
a- is                                       b- was                         c- were                                      d- weren't
18. I can’t do this exercise.   I wish I ----------------------------------------- it.
a- understood                       b- understand           c- understanding                     d- understands
19. Mr Haddad does not understand the Chinese businessman. If only he ------------- Chinese.
a- speak                                b- spoke                      c- had spoken                           d- speaks
20. A new vocational school -------------------------- recently in my area.
a- built                                  b- was built                c- has been built                      d- is built
21. I always have to get home early. I wish my parents ------------------------ me stay out later.                
a- let's                                   b- won't let                 c- would let                              d- will let
22. If only I ----------------- lost my ticket!                                                    
a- haven't                             b- didn't                      c- hadn't                                   d- weren't
23. If you -------------to learn a new language, you need to be motivated.
a- will want                          b- want               c- wanted                      d- would want

24. Jaber isn’t old enough to drive a car. He wishes he ------------------------ older .
a- was                                   b- were                c- had been                    d- had
25. My cousins don’t live near here. I wish they ----------------------- so far away.
a- were                                 b- weren't            c- had been                    d- hadn't been
26. Would  you like to work ----------------- a teacher in a big school?
a- about                               b- on                     c- as                                d- into
27. We need to decide --------------- a place to meet.              
a- into                                  b- on                     c- at                                d- about
28. Can you translate this Arabic ----------------  English for me, please?
a- into                                  b- on                     c- at                                d- about
29. If Ali --------------- his own computer, he wouldn't need to use his friend's computer.
a- has                                  b- have                 c- had had                     d- had
30. I’d like to talk _____ the film I’ve just seen; it was brilliant!
a- into                                 b- on                     c- at                                d- about

24

31. The teacher asked us ------------------ our favourite books.                                              
a- into                                 b- on                     c- at                                d- about

32 . My sister is really good ------------------  drawing and painting.
a- on                                    b- at                     c- into                             d- about
33. Plants die if they ----------------------------- enough sunlight.
a- don't get                         b- didn't get         c- doesn't get                 d- aren't

34. Water -------------------- to ice if the temperature falls below zero.
a- turn                                 b- turning            c- turned                        d- turns
35. Provided that it --------------------------, we will have a picnic next week.                                          
a- don't rain                       b- hadn't rained   c- doesn't rain               d- had rained

36. Even if Omar ----------- his driving test this afternoon, he won't have his own car.
a- passed                                 b- passes                  c- pass                                d- passed

37. Babies --------------------- usually happy as long as they’re hungry or cold.
a- will be                                 b- are                        c- will                                 d- had been

38. If my father had gone to university, he --------------------  a teacher.    
a- will be                            b- could be             c- could have been        d- might be
39. Unless you have a language degree, you --------------- not be able to become an interpreter.
a- do                                   b- won't                  c- will                            d- wouldn't
40. If you get an interview for a job, you --------------to show that you have good listening skills.
a- will need                        b- would need         c- will                           d- would
41. 79. She worked hard; ----------------------------, she did very well in her exams.

a- since                            b- so                       c- consequently                     d- due to
42. ------------------------  you heat water to 100°C, it boils.  
a- when                              b- unless                  c- provided that           d- even if
51 . You will not pass your exams -------------------- you study hard.  
a- when                              b- unless                  c- provided that           d- even if
43. Do you usually go home or meet your friends ----------------- school finishes ?
a- when                              b- unless                  c- provided that           d- even if
44. ------------------------  you don't water the plants, they will die.  
a- when                              b- unless                  c- if                                d- even if
45. Your new computer will last a long time ------------------- you are careful with it
a- when                              b- unless                  c- as long as                  d- even if
46. We need umbrellas ------------------------ it rains.
a- when                              b- unless                  c- as if                            d- even if
47. The teacher will be pleased ---------------------I write a good essay.
a- when                              b- unless                  c- if                                 d- even if
48. We should always be polite ------------------------ we feel tired.
a- when                              b- unless                  c- if                                 d- even if
49. If Huda ------------- ill yesterday, she wouldn’t have missed the exam.
a- wasn't                            b- hadn't been         c- been                           d- hadn't
50. We were caught in traffic, ---------------------- we missed the start of the play.
a- since                            b- as                      c- therefore                        d- due to
51. Jaber looked ---------------------------- he hadn’t slept very well.
a- if                                    b- if                           c- unless                         d- as if
52. We couldn’t go to the stadium ----------------------  there weren’t any tickets left
a- since                            b- so                       c- therefore                        d- due to
53. ---------------------------- I was tired, I went to bed
a- As                                b- So                       c- Therefore                      d- Due to

54. We were ate --------------------------  the traffic.                                    a- since    b- so     c- therefore        d- due to
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Arabic Word
coffee – chess – flying - clock
windmills – algebra - soap
fountain pen – crystal glasses
تلقيح inoculation – cheques - carpets






25
Curriculum Vitae السيرة
Emad Abu Alzumar                                          He is Emad Abu Alzumar Name
Hitten Camp , Marka                                        He lives in Hitten Camp , Marka   Contact details
degree in English (1990 CE)                            He has a degree in English in 1990 CE. Qualification
teacher of English,– 19990 – now                    He has worked as a teacher of English since 1990. Work experience
dedicated, ambitious worker.                            He is a dedicated and ambitious worker. Personal attributes
Won the Distinguished teacher Award             He won the Distinguished teacher Award Skills and achievements

Applying for a job
Dear Mr Haddad,
I am writing to apply for the job of Head of the English Department at Taha Hussein Secondary School. You will see from my curriculum vitae that I have a Bachelor’s degree in English and as well as teaching experience at Modern Arab Academy School.

I am now looking for a new challenge as a head teacher, My developing leadership skills show that I am ready to advance in my teaching career, and the advertised position at your school as a head teacher is ideal.

While I am dedicated to teaching and know that my students are of the highest importance, I make time to have an active and varied social and family life. This helps to keep my approach to teaching and student welfare fresh.

Please contact me for a reference. I look forward to hearing from you regarding the next stage of my application.

Yours sincerely,
Emad Abu Alzumar
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Writing an essay / article.                      ( about …. / discussing … / mentioning..)


I think ----------this subject-----------  is very important in our daily life which we should talk about  and discuss all its aspects because it has a great effect on our life  / at school  /  in the society  /   in the world  .

In this essay I intend to discuss the ( benefits / advantages / disadvantages /solutions / ways / effects / reasons / results / factors ) of ------------- taking into consideration ------------------ and -------------------- .

الافكار حسب الاسئلة او الكلمات المساعدة او الموضوع In my point of view ,  (3 paragraphs )                                                                  

 Finally , I'd like to say that I hope I have discussed useful information that expresses the main aspects about ------------
( اسم الوضوع او المطاليب من الموضوع
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Informal / Personal letter    :     Write a letter to your friend in USA telling him about your last holiday.
P.O Box …………..
Amman,
Jordan
Date,  20 June. 2019
Dear ……………….,
How are you ? fine, I hope ? How is your family ? I hope that all of you are very well.
 I'm sorry I haven't written to you for three months, and that's because I'm having Tawjihi exams.

I'm writing to tell you about ----------------------------------------------( subject )----------------------------------------------------

Well , I have to finish now as I've got too much work to do. Please write back and let me know more about your latest news.
Hope to hear from you soon.
With love.
Yours sincerely,
 ( Name :  ----------------   as written in the exam )
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
         Critical Thinking   ( Why – How )
According to the text , The writer thinks/states that……Explain this statement, write down your point of view.

1. I think this statement is true because ……………………. . Also, ……………………………….
2. I think there are many ……………….. such as ………………., …………….. and …………….
3. I think -------------------------------------- because ………………. Also, ………………...…………
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Suggestions :
1. Increasing awareness       2. Saving time and effort        3. improving skills         4. being careful
5. sharing information             6. Preparation                              7. Decreasing …..              8. increasing ……
9. Trying hard .                      10. working hard                         11.Developing abilities     12. Decreasing ……….

26
Writing A Report
Write a report for your school magazine about the advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet , suggesting ideas for it .

To         : My school magazine
From    : a student
Date      : 20 June , 2019
Subject : Using the internet
                                                                               reasons       and          the  results
   The aim of this report is to discuss the advantages and the disadvantages of using the internet .

In my opinion, there are many advantages :
- Finding information                         -  searching information
- Keeping in touch with friends         -  listening to music

On the other hand , there are many disadvantages :
-  Making people unsocial
-  causing eye diseases

To sum up , I'd like to say that I hope I have given enough and useful information about --------------------------------
                      suggesting that using the internet should be under control and in specific times .

In conclusion , you should take my suggestions into consideration to find the best effective  solutions for it. .
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Formal letter  -  Applying for a job
Receiver Address                                                                                                                                     Sender Address
……………………..                                                                                                                                                   P.O Box -------------
Amman,                                                                                                                                                                      Amman,
Jordan                                                                                                                                                                         Jordan
                                                                                                                                               Date,  20 June. 2019
Dear ( Mr, Mrs, Dr, etc ),

I'm writing to apply for the job of -------------(position)--------- at ------------- (name / school , company )…..
You will see from my curriculum vitae that I have a Bachelor's degree in ---------------------------------------,
as well as --------------------------- experience at ----------------------.

I am now looking at a new challenge as -----------(position)---------, and -------------------------------------------
I am ( personal attributes ) = dedicated , enthusiastic , adapted , competent in my career, and ------------------
Please contact me for a reference. I look forward to hearing from you regarding the next stage of my application.
Yours faithfully,
 ( Name :  ----------------   as written in the exam )



The upbringing of our youth is based on three principles:
“ Belief , Education and Work”