History of mutual societies
Mutuelles mutuals come from a political and social movement called "Mutualism" and appeared in France, in its modern form, at the end of the 18th century. The mutual or cooperative forms of association have developed, in the course of history, especially in the fields of insurance, but also in those of the bank, construction, instruction, and, more generally, all forms of production or business.
The mutuals appeared in the period prior to the vote of the law the hammer (June 1791), law prohibiting the "assemblies of workers and artisans" and aimed at proscribing the coalitions as well as employers. This law was voted to avoid the risks of sedition, the revolution being born in the clubs that the old regime had tolerated and in which the thought of the Enlightenment had been broadcast.
They were therefore formed in a non-regulatory framework, before being officially recognized in 1852, under the Second Empire, by a decree of Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte. It is from this date that they truly take their rise, benefiting from the administrative and financial support of the State which, in this period, always seek to control their activities in order to avoid any risk of seditious coalition. .
During this period, those of the "mutual relief corporations", issued to their health benefits (consistent with daily allowances, medical repayments or pharmaceutical repayments), in exchange for a modest contribution. They could also, if their financial reserves allowed them, pay them a retirement pension, or take charge of their funeral.
From 1898, the "mutual relief" extend their services, with the liberalization of legislation under the Third Republic, for women (with the maternal mutualities), children (with the school mutualities) and also peasants (with Mutual help with agricultural work). The existence of these societies is already based, already at that time, on the individual responsibility of the members and on the notion of reciprocity (these organizations operating thanks to the solidarity and the mutual aid of all).
In the twentieth century, adapting to the growing commitment of the state in the field of social protection (especially from 1945, date of creation of the social security system), mutual relief companies end up being relegated to Supplementary hedging functions to social security. It was then from 1945 that they take the name of mutual or "mutual" societies.
Today the mutuals offer services in complementary health (coverage of most medical expenses, including optics and dental, as well as hospital costs), as well as collective contracts intended to ensure additional coverage of employees (the Employer or Corporate Committee, as a general rule, in general, part of the contribution) or contracts in the field of foresight (capital deaths, invalidity rent, supplement to the daily allowances of the social Security…).
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