معلومات عن البطريق بالانجليزي

معلومات عن البطريق بالانجليزي

penguin

معلومات عن البطريق موضوع

بيض البطريق

كيف يسبح البطريق

بطاقة تعريف حول البطريق

تكاثر البطريق

انثى البطريق

Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes forsteri
The Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), a bird endemic to Antarctica, is the largest and heaviest of all penguins. The male and the female have a similar plumage and are of the same size, reaching up to 122 cm in height for a mass that varies between 20 and 40 kg. The back and the head are black and the white belly, the upper part of the breast light yellow; two bright yellow marks on the ears are very visible. Like other penguins, he is unable to fly. Its stiff, flat wings and streamlined body are particularly suitable for marine habitat.
Its diet consists mainly of fish, but may also include crustaceans such as krill or cephalopods such as squid. When hunting, he can remain under water for 18 minutes, diving to a depth of 535 m. The species is well suited for diving because it has a hemoglobin with a particular structure able to work with low levels of oxygen. The Emperor Penguin also has strong bones that enable him to resist barotrauma, as well as an ability to reduce his metabolism and put certain non-essential functions on hold.
The Emperor Penguin is known for the well-regulated life cycle of adults who repeat the same ritual each year to reproduce and raise their young. It is the only species of penguin that breeds during the Antarctic winter. He then made a long journey of 50 to 120 km on the ice to form colonies that can include thousands of individuals. The females lay a single egg, which the male broods while the female returns to the sea to search for food. Subsequently, the parents go out for food at sea, one of them staying with their chicks in the colony. The life expectancy of emperor penguins is usually 20 years in the wild, although there is some evidence that some individuals may reach 50 years of age.
Like all penguins, the emperor penguin has a slender body to limit frictional forces when swimming, and wings similar to flat and rigid fins1. Males and females are similar in size and color. The adult in breeding plumage has deep black feathers on the back, which also cover the head, chin, throat and upper wings. This black plumage is well delimited by the lighter plumage that covers the rest of the body. The inside of the wings and belly are white, pulling pale yellow at the top of the chest, and a bright yellow spot is visible at the ears. The beak, measuring 8 cm, is curved and partially feathered. Its upper part is black, while the lower part is pink, orange or lilac3. The tongue is provided with hairs oriented so as to prevent caught prey from escaping4. The webbed feet are black.

In January, this mutant Emperor Penguin loses its gray-brown eclipse plumage to put on its nuptial plumage.
The dark plumage of Emperor Penguin turned pale gray-brown between November and February, before the annual moult in January and February3. The moult is very fast in this species compared to other birds, and only takes 34 days. The Emperor Penguin's feathers come out of the skin after reaching one-third of their final length, and before the old ones have fallen, to reduce heat loss. The new feathers then expel the old ones before finishing their growth5. This renewal of the plumage improves its sealing and its protection against the cold. During this period, the Emperor Penguin can not dive and is therefore forced to fast.