شرح قطع الانجليزي توجيهي
communicate speak to یتواصل معsecurity settings controls on computer programs to protect your computer اعدادات الامان
privacy setting controls on social network sites اعدادات الخصوصیة
access To find information , especially on a computer تركة
Key Word synonyms Accident victim tests first artificial limb - 11 Arabic
artificial prosthetic : describe an object that is manufactured by humans صناعي
equipment apparatus : tools or machines that have a particular purpose معدات
sponsor fund : to pay for یدعم - یمول
natural opposite of artificial طبیعي
Accident victim tests first artificial limb Scientists have successfully invented a prosthetic hand with a sense of touch. It is an exciting new
invention, which they plan to develop. It is possible that, in the not-too distant future, similar artificial arms
and legs will have taken the place of today’s prosthetic limbs.
1. What is the feature of the new prosthetic hand invented by scientists What is special about it ?
It has a sense of touch.
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Dennis Sorensen, a 39-year-old from Denmark, was the first person to try out the new invention. After
losing his left hand in an accident, he had been using a standard prosthetic hand for nine years.
1. Why did Dennis Sorenson use (need) a standard prosthetic hand ?
Because he lost his left hand in an accident.
2. How long had he been using the standard prosthetic hand ? For nine years.
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The new hand, which was developed by Swiss and Italian scientists, was a huge improvement. With it,
Sorensen could not only pick up and manipulate objects, but he could also feel them. "When I held an
object, I could feel if it was soft or hard, round or square", he explained. He said that the sensations were
almost the same as the ones he felt with his other hand. Unfortunately, Sorensen was only taking part in trials,
and the equipment is not ready for general use yet. He was only allowed to wear it for a month, for safety reasons.
1. Mention three characteristics for the prosthetic hand. a. pick up objects . b. manipulate objects c. feel objects
2. Why was Sorenson only allowed to wear the prosthetic hand for a month? For safety reasons.
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So now he has his old artificial hand back. However, he hopes that soon he will be wearing the new type of
hand again. He is looking forward to the time when similar artificial limbs are available for the thousands of
people who need them. He will have helped to transform their lives.
1. Which hand is he wearing now? Why? His old artificial hand
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Ibn Bassal Ibn Bassal was a writer, a scientist and an engineer who lived in Al-Andalus in the eleventh century CE. He
worked in the court of Al-Ma’mun, who was the king of Toledo. His great passions were botany, which is
the study of plants and agriculture. Although he was a great scholar, he was also a practical man and all of
his writing came from his own "hands-on" experience of working the land.
1. What was Ibn Bassal famous for ? Writing - Science - engineering - botany
2. What is "botany" ? The study of plants and agriculture.
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One of the many things which Ibn Bassal achieved was A Book of Agriculture. The book consisted of
sixteen chapters which explain how best to grow trees, fruit and vegetables, as well as herbs and sweet
smelling flowers; perhaps the most famous chapter of all was the one that described how to treat different
types of soil. Ibn Bassal also worked out how to irrigate the land by finding underground water and digging
wells. He designed water pumps and irrigation systems. All of these things were passed on through his writing.
1. Name two of Ibn Bassal Achievements ?
Writing a book of agriculture – designing water pumps – irrigation systems.
Finding underground water - digging wells
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The influence of Ibn Bassal’s book was enormous. As farmers down the generations followed his
instructions and advice, the land became wonderfully fertile and produced more than enough food for the
fast-growing population. The irrigation systems that he and his followers put in place are still in evidence in
Spain. Although his name is not widely known, Ibn Bassal’s legacy to the world has been great.
1. Why did the land become fertile and produced more than enough food for the fast-growing population. ?
As farmers down the generations followed his instructions and advice
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Key Word Meaning in English Arabic
irrigate supply land with water یسقي
fertile land produced more than enough food ارض خصبة
hands on field working – working by hand عمل یدوي
legacy what someone leaves to the world after his death تركة
The importance of Islamic achievements in history
Jabir ibn Hayyan (born 722 CE, died 815 CE)
The Arab world has many famous chemists in its history, but the person who is known as the founder of
chemistry is probably Jabir ibn Hayyan. He is most well known for the beginning of the production of
sulphuric acid. He also built a set of scales which changed the way in which chemists weighed items in a
laboratory: his scales could weigh items over 6,000 times smaller than a kilogram.
1. Who is Jabir bin Hayyan ? He is the founder of Chemistry . ( A famous Arab chemist )
2. Mention two of his achievements : a. The production of sulphuric acid. b. He also built a set of scales
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Ali ibn Nafi ’ (Ziryab) (born 789 CE, died 857 CE)
Ali ibn Nafi ’ is also known as ‘Ziryab’ (or ‘Blackbird’, because of his beautiful voice). He was a gifted
pupil of a famous musician from Baghdad, and it was his talent for music that led him to Cordoba in the
ninth century CE. He was the guest of the Umayyad ruler there. He is the person who established the first
music school in the world in Cordoba, Al-Andalus, teaching musical harmony and composition.
revolutionized musical theory, and is also the person who introduced the oud to Europe.
1. Mention two of Ali Bin Nafi's achievements :
a. He established the first music school in the world . b. He introduced the oud to Europe.
2. What is the purpose of establishing the music school?
Teaching musical harmony and composition.
3. Why did Ali Ibn Nafi' go to Cordoba ? What led him to Cordoba ? His talent for music
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Fatima al-Fihri (born early 9th century, died 880 CE)
Fatima al-Fihri was the daughter of a wealthy businessman. She used her father’s inheritance to build a
learning centre in Fez, Morocco. This learning centre became Morocco’s top university, and it is where
many students from all over the world come to study. Moreover, it was Fatima’s sister, Mariam, who
supervised the building of the Andalus Mosque, which was not far from the learning centre. 1. What was the achievement of Fatima al-Fihri ? She built a learning centre in Fez, Morocco.
2. What was the achievement of Fatima's sister Mariam ? She supervised the building of the Andalus Mosque.
3. How did Fatma build the learning centre ? inheritance : Things you give others after death
She used her father’s inheritance.
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Al-Kindi (born around 801 CE, died 873 CE)
Al-Kindi was a physician, philosopher, mathematician, chemist, musician and astronomer – a true polymath.
He made ground-breaking discoveries in many of these fields, but it is probably his work in arithmetic and
geometry that has made him most famous.
1. What was AlKindi good at ?
Al-Kindi was a physician, philosopher, mathematician, chemist, musician and astronomer. 2. What made him most famous ? His work in arithmetic and geometry that has made him most famous 3. What is his achievement ? He made ground-breaking discoveries in many fields.
4. Quote the sentence which indicates that AlKindi has a lot of knowledge about many different subjects.
"Al-Kindi was a physician, philosopher, mathematician, chemist, musician and astronomer – a true polymath.
Key Word Meaning in English Arabic
Arithmetic – the study of numbers الحساب
Geometry the study of relationships and measurement of points, lines, curves and surfaces الھندسة
Mathematician a person who studies Mathematics to a very complex level عالم ریاضیات
Philosopher someone who studies and writes philosophy professionally فیلسوف
Physician someone qualified to practice medicine, ( a doctor ) فیزیائي
Polymath someone who has a lot of knowledge about many different subjects - expert متعدد الثقافة
talent Special ability موھبة
founder The person who starts something new مؤسس
scale An instrument to measure weight مقیاس
laboratory A room for scientific experiment مختبر
Ground-breaking new جذري - جدید
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Masdar City – a positive step? Mega projects are extremely large investment projects, which are designed to encourage economic growth
and bring new benefits to cities. Although megaprojects vary in terms of size and cost, they are all, by
definition, expensive, public projects that attract a high level of interest and media coverage. Projects range
from motorways, airports, stations, tunnels, bridges, to entire city complexes. etc. 1. The writer states two benefits of creating megaprojects. Write them down.
a. They encourage economic growth. b. They bring new benefits to cities.
2. What do mega projects have in common ? = disadvantages : They are expensive, public projects.
3. The text provides many examples of mega projects . Mention two .
Motorways, airports, stations, tunnels, bridges and entire city complexes.
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The concept of a megaproject is always based on the benefits it brings to a community. However, many
megaprojects have been criticised because of their negative effects on a community or the environment.
This essay will look at issues with regard to Masdar City, a megaproject in Abu Dhabi.
1. What are the disadvantage of mega projects ?
They have negative effects on a community and the environment. 2. expensive
2. Quote the sentence which shows the main reason to criticize mega projects ?
"However, many megaprojects have been criticised because of their negative effects on a community or the environment."
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Masdar City, which began its development in 2006 CE, will be the world’s first carbon-neutral, zero waste
artificially-created city. Covering an area of six square kilometres, when it is completed in 2025 CE, it is
expected to house more than 40,000 residents, 50,000 commuters, and 1,500 businesses involved in mainly
environmentally-friendly products. The city will run entirely on renewable energy sources. It is built on an
advanced energy grid which monitors exactly how much electricity is being used by every outlet in the complex.
1. What makes Masdar city environmentally-friendly city ?
a. Masdar City will be the world’s first carbon-neutral, zero waste artificially-created city.
b. Masdar City will have environmentally-friendly products.
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Furthermore, in order to reduce its carbon footprint, Masdar City will be a car-free zone, designed to be
pedestrian and cycle-friendly. Electric, driverless cars will operate as public transport vehicles, and the city
will be connected to other locations by a network of roads and railways. . 1. There are many procedures that will be implemented to reduce carbon footprint in Masdar city. Mention two.
a. Masdar City will be a car-free zone, designed to be pedestrian and cycle-friendly.
b. Electric, driverless cars will operate as public transport vehicles.
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Energy will be provided by solar power and wind farms, and there are also plans to build the world’s largest
hydrogen plant. A desalination plant will be used to provide the city’s water, with 80% of water used being
recycled. Biological waste will be used as an energy source too, and industrial waste will be recycled. The
current residents of Masdar City are all students at the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, a
university whose students are fully committed to finding solutions to the world’s energy problems. While
the project has the support of many global, environmental and conservation Organisations, there is some
criticism of it. It is felt that, instead of building an Artificial sustainable city, sustainability should be made a
priority of existing cities. 1. Certain power resources will supply Masdar City with energy. Write down two of these resources .
1. Solar power 2. wind farms 3. a hydrogen plant 4. Biological waste.
2. Name two materials that will be recycled in Masdar city. 1. water : 80% 2. industrial waste
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In conclusion, the benefits of Masdar City for the community and the environment greatly outweigh any
disadvantages. If the aims of the developers are realised, Masdar City will be a blueprint for future urban
planning that will inspire similar megaprojects in other countries. 1. What will happen if the aims of the developers are realized ?
Masdar City will be a blueprint for future urban planning that will inspire similar megaprojects in other countries.
zero-waste producing no waste خالي من النفایات
desalination The process of removing salt from sea water so that it can be used again تحلیة
criticise To evaluate or analyse – not approved ینتقد
recycle reuse اعادة صناعة، تدویر
outweigh To be more important than something else یفوق - اھم
The Time we spend at school - 1
Afew years ago, as many as 1,000 schools across the USA started making school years longer by
adding up to ten extra days to the school year or by making each school day longer by half an hour .
This was because it was found that secondary school students in the USA and the UK were
spending the least time at school, with an average school year of 187 days. The typical Jordanian
school year is longer than this (187 days) . However, none of these (average school year in Uk, USA and Jordan) are nearly
as long as the school year in countries like Japan and South Korea. South Koreans attend schools
for 220 days per year, and in Japan the school year numbers 243 days.
According to a study by the organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),
students in Japan, Indonesia and South Korea spend the most time studying in the world. They
(students in Japan, Indonesia and South Korea) want to learn as much as they (students in Japan, Indonesia and South Korea) can to ensure
excellent exam grades. They go to school for about nine hours, although this (going to school for about 9 hours)
includes optional after-school tuition and activities. They also spend about three hours on
homework everyday, which (They also spend about three hours on homework everyday) is three times as much as many
other countries. Their high academic achievements do suggest that the longer you study, the better
you do in final exams.
In Finland, however, students are usually given less than half an hour of homework per night, and
they (students in Finland) attend school for fewer and shorter days than 85 % of other developed nations.
Despite this (attend schools for ….) , they (students in Finland) achieve top marks in subjects like Maths and Science. In
addition, most students also speak at least two, and often three, languages fluently. The contradictory views of the study suggest that the number and length of school days is not the
only factor in determining whether students will succeed at school or not .
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A visiting student's blog post : Anita's blog - 2 2018 Two summers ago , I (Anita) spent five months studying Arabic at the German-Jordanian University
near Madaba. As my father is originally from Jordan, I grew up speaking Arabic as well as German.
However, I had never studied Arabic formally, and when the opportunity came up for me to spend a
year in Jordan studying Arabic, I didn't hesitate for one moment.
I have relatives in Jordan and they (relatives) arranged for me to stay with a wonderful family who
( a wonderful family) live just outside Madaba. I was amazed by the number of international students there,
( Jordan) who (international students) were not only from Germany, but from all over the world. Most of
them (international students) had studied Arabic to a high level. I'm very familiar with colloquial Arabic,
which (colloquial Arabic) is what my family speaks and understands. The Arabic class, in modern standared
Arabic, was challenging, especially the grammar.
Every week, we (my family and I) had to learn a vocabulary list of around 50 words. We covered many
topics. Living with a family helped to improve my Arabic-speaking skills because, while all the
students heard Arabic in the classroom and streets, I could also practice it (Arabic) at home. I really
put my back into it, and I earned an A on the course.
What impressed me most about students in Jordan was their (students in Jordan) behaviour and their
attitude to studying. All the students who (All the students) I met appreciated the importance of their (All
the students) university education and the opportunities it would give them (All the students) to contribute to
their country's prosperity. They also showed extremely positive values. Everybody was honest, and
people discussed problems rather than getting angry if they (people) disagreed with each other.
As someone who enjoys delicious food, beautiful places and friendly, hospitable people, studying in
Jordan is one of the best decisions I have made in my life. I made many new friends. I also improved
my Arabic speaking, writing and reading skills. My dream is to be fluent in Arabic oneday- and as I
intend to return to Jordan as often as I can, I know I'm going to make this dream a reality.
مدرسة الفضاء – Space Schools - 3 Studio schools are pioneering schools which (studio schools) receive funding as well as support from
private businesses, and which (studio schools) seek to encourage young people to undertake a less
conventional form of secondary education. These schools often specialize in one specific area,
whilist understanding that the same broad range of skills and qualifications should be made
available to all young people.
One such school has recently opened to educate fourteen-to eighteen-year-olds who (fourteen-to eighteen-yearolds)
have a special interest in working in the space industry. Students follow a tailor-made curriculum
at the school, including subjects such as Astronomy and Astrophysics. Lessons are a mixture of
small-class tutorials, with projects supervised by leading companies in both the space and
technology industries.
Prominent scientists and engineers are brought in as guest lecturers, with students aiming to achieve
top grades in their (students) Maths and Science exams. When they (students) leave schools, they (students)
will be well-placed to take any number of different career paths. 'They (students) don't have to become
astronauts'! says a spokesperson for the school. 'Excellent grades in science and technology subjects can
open any doors and lead to a variety of career opportunities.'
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How to revise for exams - 4
Is it too late to start revising now ?
A – No, it is never too late to start revising ! The first thing I would do is to draw up a revision timetable.
How should you draw up a timetable ?
B – Look at all the subjects you have to do, and work out when you are going to work on
each one (subject). It is a good idea to change the order of the subjects in your timetable for
each day. Try doing a little English, followed by some Maths, then Biology, and so on. This
way, by changing the focus of your revision, you keep your mind fresh.
Is it best to get up early, or to revise late at night ?
C – The earlier you start in the morning, the more beneficial your revision will be, because
that's when you feel most awake and your memory is at its (your memory) best. I'd also
recommend studying for 30-minute periods, and then taking a break. It's been proved that
concentration starts to decrease after half an hour, so frequent breaks will help the brain to
recover and concentration to return.
What do you mean by frequent break ?
D – By a break, I mean any change of activity from studying. It (a break) could be something as
simple as just getting up from your desk and listening to some music, or walking around for
ten minutes.
How much exercise do you need ?
E – Physical activity is very important, of course, especially when you are studying.
Exercise will make a huge difference to the way you feel. The physical activity will increase
your heart rate, and in turn, that will increase your blood circulation. It (physical activity) also sends
more oxygen to the brain, which (sending more oxygen to the brain) makes you revise more efficiently !
Do you mind giving me some advice about diet ?
F – Nutrition is very important. You should try to eat as much fruit and vegetables as you
can. It's essential not to become dehydrated, so drink lots of water.
After school - 5
In England, almost 50% of school leavers go on to higher education. The figure has not always been
as high as this (50 %). Twenty years ago, it was closer to 30%, and thirty years before that, it (The
percentage (figure) of school leavers who go on to a higher education. ) was only about 5%. Another huge change has been
financial. Before 1998 CE, higher education in the UK was completely free for UK citizens. Since
then, tuition fees have been introduced. Most students borrow this money from the government.
They (most students) don't have to repay it (this money) immediately. Instead, they pay it back slowly out of
future earnings.
Despite the high cost, most students choose to study away from home. A recent survey of 17,000
students revealed that only 7% wanted to stay at home while they (most students) studied for their
degree. Of course for most young people, living away from home means borrowing even more
money from the government. So why don’t students choose to avoid debt by staying at home,
where they (students) don't have to pay rent? Most of them (students) say that they (students) want to
move to the university of their (students) choice, rather than the nearest one (university). Another strong
motive is the desire to live in a new culture.
Where do these students live? Many (these students) have rooms in halls of residence, especially in their
(these students) first year; others (students) rent flats or houses. A lucky minority live in property that their
(lucky minority) parents have bought for them (lucky minority) . Most of them (students) need to learn to cook, do
their (students) own washing and manage their(students) time and money.
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Learning a foreign Language : - 6
Speaking a forien language, it is claimed, improves the functionality of your brain in several
different ways. Learning new vocabulary and grammar rules provide the brain with
beneficial 'exercise', which (beneficial exercise) improves memory. As well as exercising the brain,
it is thought that learning a new language also presents the brain with unique challenges.
These include recognising different language systems. These skills improve your chances of
success in other problem-solving tasks as well. It is said that students who learn foreign
languages do better, on the whole, in general tests in Maths, reading and vocabulary than
students who have only mastered their mother tongue.
According to a study carried out by Pennsylvania State University , USA. Multilingual
people are able to switch between two systems of speech, writing, and structure quite easily.
It has been proved that they (Multilingual people) are also able to switch easily between completely
different tasks. One experiment required participants to operate a driving simulator while
carrying out separate tasks at the same time. The experiment showed that multilingual
participants were less distracted by the other tasks and therefore made fewer driving errors.
It is believed that language learning can also improve your decision-making skills. When
you speak a foreign language, you are constantly weighing up subtle differences in meaning
of a word or the way that an utterance is made. This process is then transferred
subconsciously to other situations in which judgment is called for, and decisions have to be
made.
Finally, learning a foreign language can also improve your ability to use your mother
tongue more effectively. As you become more aware of the way that a language works, you
begin to apply it to the language that you use everyday. The skills you obtain from learning a
foreign language, therefore, can make you a better speaker and writer in your own language.
Education in Jordan - 7 Our country has a high standard of education. This is mainly due to the fact that the
government considers education a necessity . All schools, from kindergarten to secondary,
are the responsibility of the Ministry of Education (MOE). Pre-school and kindergarten
education is optional, followed by ten years of free, compulsory education. For higher
education, students enter university, either for academic or vocational education.
Students can attend one of ten public universities. A large number of Jordanian students
choose to study at these institutions, as well as foreign students from all over the world.
These are undergraduates studying for a first degree, or postgraduate studying for a Master's
degree, a PhD or a higher diploma.
The three universities with the most undergraduates are the University of Jordan in Amman,
Yarmuk University in Irbid and Al Balqa Applied University in Salt. These are all public
universities. An example of a newer university is the German-Jordanian University in
Amman, which was set up in 2005 CE. It is a collaboration between the MOHE and
Germany's Federal Ministry of Education and Research, and it follows Germany's model of
education in applied sciences.
For students who wish to complete their university studies while working at the same time, it
is also possible in some Jordanian universities to enroll onto online distance learning
programmes. In the future, this option will become available in many other universities.
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8 Our country’s imports and exports (SB, p. 2017 صادرات وواردات بلدنا ( 66
In this report, we (researchers) will look at the countries that (countries) Jordan trades with and what goods
it (Jordan) exports and imports.
First, let’s look at exports. Jordan is rich in potash and phosphate, and the extraction
industry for these minerals is one of the largest in the world. Not surprisingly, two of
Jordan’s largest exports are chemicals and fertilisers. Pharmaceuticals and other industries
represent 30% of Jordan’s Gross Domestic Product(GDP), and 75% of Jordan’s pharmaceuticals
are exported. However, the majority (65%) of the economy is dominated by services, mostly
travel and tourism. Most of Jordan’s exports go to Iraq, the USA, India and Saudi Arabia.
Now let’s look at imports. Unlike some other countries in the Middle East, Jordan does not
have large oil or gas reserves. For that reason, Jordan has to import oil and gas for
its (Jordan's) energy needs. Its (Jordan's) other main imports are cars, medicines and wheat. In 2013
CE, 23.6 % of Jordan’s imports were from Saudi Arabia. This (23.6 …..) was followed by the
EU, with 17.6 % of its imports. Other imports have come from China and the United States.
Jordan has more free trade agreements than any other Arab country, and it trades freely with
many countries, including the USA, Canada and Malaysia. Which other areas are important
for Jordan’s trade? Jordan first signed a trade agreement with the EU in 1997 CE. It (Jordan )signed
a free trade agreement with Egypt, Morocco and Tunisian in 2004 CE. In 2011 CE, another
trade agreement was made with the EU, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. Trade with the EU
and North Africa in particular is likely to grow.
Learn English fast – The natural way – AB-37 - 9 It is said that the best way to acquire a language is to immerse yourself in it, and that's what we
offer at Extreme English : total immersion .
Total Immersion :
You will stay in one of our beautiful apartments. You will hear and speak English all day long. You
can either join a small group of other students of a similar level, or request a tailor-made course.
For example, you may require a course in academic English to prepare you for undergraduate or
postgraduate studies, or a vocational course to help you with your career. Either way, you will live
and work together as a family.
What will I be doing ?
In the morning, after breakfast, one or more of our trained and experienced teachers will arrive, and
you will have three hours of intensive tuition. Then, after enjoying lunch together around the table,
you will visit local places of interest, go shopping, take part in sports, etc. In the evening, there will
be a choice of cultural activities, for example the theatre or a concert, or you may prefer to relax at
home and chat (In English, naturally!) Whatever you do, your teachers will be with you, acting as
guides, tutors and friends.
How long are the courses ?
Some people just come for a week, and they are usually amazed by how much progress they make
in such a short time. Others come for two, three, even four weeks. It's up to you. You can be sure of
onething- we'll do our very best to give you a first-class experience and send you home thinking and
dreaming in English !
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Stepping into the business world - 10 Business Studies is a popular choice for students who (students) are choosing a degree course in the UK. After
graduating, some (students) go on to further study, but most of them (students) take up employment. Many large
companies offer graduate training schemes, which (graduate training scheme) are a kind of apprenticeship. We went to
meet twenty-two-year-old Ricky Miles, who (Ricky Miles) is about to graduate in the subject.
How long have you (Ricky Miles) been studying Business Studies, Ricky?
It’s a four-year course, including two periods of work experience. Each one (period of work experience) lasted six
months, but they (two periods of work experience) weren’t in the same year.
What exactly have you studied over those four years ?
Quite a lot! Maths, of course, Accounting ,Finance and Economics. Oh yes ,Marketing and Sales, too. I
(Ricky Miles) also did a course in Management, which (a course of management ) is about recruiting and managing staff,
and how to deal with conflict, and a course in Advertising. We (students) all had
to do IT, too, because computer skills are essential .
What did you most enjoy about the degree ?
The work experience, definitely. I learnt so much, both times, and of course it (work experience ) looks great on my
curriculum vitae . One of the companies offered me paid work last summer, so I managed to get even more
experience that way. Also, I wouldn't have had much money last year if I hadn't had that job!
What kind of company was that, and what did you do there (in a company )? It was a company that (a company ) provides financial products – savings and pensions, mostly. At first I just
‘shadowed’ different people, watching what they (different people) were doing . Then I did quite a lot of checking
for them (different people ) – you know, checking their (different people ) calculations. When I went back in the summer, I
was in the sales department. My job was to follow up web enquiries, and send out further information to
possible clients . I enjoyed it (Rickey's job) , and I wouldn't have had that opportunity if I hadn't done the work
experience first.
What are you planning to do next ?
I’ve just applied for a job with a bank. I have the right qualifications, but I know there will be a lot of other
applicants. I’ll just have to wait and see if I get an interview. If I do, I’ll have to prepare really carefully.
The world of business - 11
This is an in terview with a Jordanian businessman about his experiences in China.
Doing business in China
Today, we (interviwer) talk to Mr Ghanem, a businessman based in Amman who (Mr Ghanem) often visits
China. We asked him (Mr Ghanem) when he first started doing business with China.
‘I’ve been doing business with China for many years. My first trip there was in 2004 CE, and it (first trip) was
not very successful.’
Why was it not successful?
‘I worked for a small computer company in Amman. They( a small computer company) sent me to China when I was
still quite young. If only ( If only = I wish ) the company had realised that the Chinese respect age and experience
more than youth!’
Did you make any mistakes on that visit?
‘Yes! I wish I had researched Chinese culture before I visited the country. In order to be successful in
China, you need to earn their (Chinese people) respect ( disrespect = opposite ). Chinese business people will always ask
about a company’s successes in the past. However, because I worked for a new company, I could not talk
about its ( a new company) track record. We (Mr Ghanem's company) did not do any business deals on that first trip.’
When did you learn how to be successful in China?
‘I joined a larger company and they (a large company) sent me on a cultural awareness course. On my next visit to
China, it (the next visit to China) felt as if I hadn’t known anything on my first visit!’
What advice can you give to people wanting to do business in China?
‘Before I visit a company, I send recommendations from previous clients. I also send my business card with
my job position and qualifications translated into Chinese.’
Can you tell us about your last meeting in China?
‘Of course! I arrived on time. You must not arrive late, as this shows disrespect. Then, when I met the
company director, I shook hands with him gently. I began the meeting by making small talk about my
interesting experiences in China. During the meeting, I made sure that my voice and body language were
calm and controlled. I never told a joke, as this may not be translated correctly or could cause offence.’
Is it a successful meeting?
‘Yes, it was. I knew that the director had researched my business thoroughly before the meeting, so I was
prepared for his (the director ) detailed questions. When I began negotiating, I started with the important issues.
The Chinese believe in avoiding conflict. It is always important to be patient. I was prepared to compromise,
so in the end, the meeting was successful.’
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12
Whether you’re selling a new type of toothpaste to a chain of pharmacies, the latest computer software to a
school or a new kind of package holiday to a travel ag ency – you need to know …
How to make a sales pitch ( كیف تقوم بعرض المبیعات (خطاب بیع
1. Do your research قم بإجراء بحثك Don't come away from a sales pitch wishing you had been better prepared. It is essential to know
everything about your product. Do you know when it (your product) was developed, and where
it (your product) is produced? You also need to know who the target market is – for example, the age
group or income of the people who (people ) might buy it (your product). Not only that, you should know all
about the competition – that is, similar products on the market. Why is your product superior to
others (other products) and why does it (your product) have better value?
In addition, you should know exactly which people you are speaking to, and what their (people) needs
are. For example, if they (people) represent a middle-class department store in a humble neighbourhood,
be ready to explain why your particular product would suit customers who (customers) do not have lots
of money. What makes your product perfect for them (customers)? Most of all, you need to believe in
what you’re selling, and the best way to do that is to use it!
2. Prepare and practice حضر نفسك وتدرّب
Plan your presentation carefully, not just what you will say, but how you will say it
(your presentation). Will you read it word by word, use notes or memorise it?Whatever you decide, it is
always a good idea to have a list of your main points, in case something interrupts you, or you
simply freeze with nerves (it happens!). Then practise it (your presentation), if possible in front of
colleagues. Make changes and practise it again.
3. Be professional كن محترفا Keep your presentation short and simple. Start with some friendly comments. For example ,thank
your hosts for allowing you to speak to them (hosts), and compliment their (hosts) company. Remember
to speak slowly and clearly. It is important to appear confident (even if you’re nervous!). While you’re
speaking, don’t keep your head down. Instead, look round the room and make eye contact with
your audience .Smile! When you’ve finished speaking, invite questions. If you don’t know the
answers, don’t pretend! Thank the questioner and promise to find out the answer (and do it (finding out
the answers)!). Finally, have a summary of your presentation ready to hand out at the end of the session.
I wish I had known all this (information of experience) when I started out in business! Good luck!.
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Career choices - 13
Fatima Musa is talking about her career as an interpreter. Listen and read. Check your answers to exercise 1.
My job as an interpreter
My name is Fatima Musa and I (Fatima) have worked as an interpreter for five years. Many students
have emailed me (Fatima) about my work because they (students) want to know what it would be like to do
my (Fatima) job. So here is my reply.
I (Fatima) have always been fond of languages. My father worked in many different countries when I
(Fatima) was young and we usually travelled with him(Fatima's father). When we visited a country, I always
wanted to learn the language. At school I was very good at English. Therefore, I decided on a career
as an interpreter.
My job now involves going to important conferences and seminars around the world. When a
person speaks in English at a conference, I listen to what they say through headphones. I then
translate into Arabic while the speaker is talking. I give the translation through headphones to other
people at the meeting. This means that anyone in the room who speaks Arabic can understand what
people are saying.
Is it an easy job? Not at all. English is not the same in all English-speaking countries. For example,
the English words that are used in India are sometimes different to the words that people use in the
UK, the USA or Australia. As well as knowing regional English, you also need to know a lot of
specialist language. Some of the words that (the words) are used to talk about business, science or law,
for example, make it almost a different language!
Unless you have a language degree, you will not be able to become an interpreter. Provided that you
have a postgraduate qualification, you will probably get a job as an interpreter quite quickly. If you
get an interview for a job, you will need to show that you have good listening skills and a clear
speaking voice. You will also need to show that you can think quickly and that you are able to
concentrate for long periods of time. If you are successful, it is a secure and rewarding job. You
will probably need to travel a lot, but that is not a problem as long as you enjoy visiting other countries.
It is a very responsible job. I am aware that if I translate things badly, it could affect an important
law or trade agreement between countries. However, you get a huge feeling of satisfaction when
you know that people understand everything that you translate.
المستوى الثالث Q uotations 1. Technology is just a tool. In terms of getting the kids working together and motivating them, the
t e a c h e r i s t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t . B i l l G a t e s ( 1 9 5 5 C E – ) Technology is a tool because it is useful and effective way of involving children . However, in term of
making sure children learn or ensuring children's social development, teachers cannot be replaced .
They are the most important contributors to a person's education. But of course they can use
technology to help.
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2. He who has health has hope; and he who has hope, has everything . Thomas Carlyle (1795 CE–1881 CE).
The quotation is stressing the importance of health through emphasizing that it is possible to feel optimistic
about the future when one is healthy. Hope for the future and a positive attitude are seen as , overall, the most
important things in life.
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3. Wherever the art of Medicine is loved, there is also a love of Humanity . Hippocrates (460 BCE–370 BCE) .
Yes, I agree with this quotation because doctors depend on love to strengthen their relationships with their
patients and that are so helpful in curing diseases .
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4. From India to Spain, the brilliant civilisation of Islam flourished . Bertrand Russell (1872 CE–1970 CE).
The quotation shows that Islam was leading the way in the world. showing how great a civilization at that
time.
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